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Exam 9: Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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The central portion of high curvature on a fold is termed the fold ____________.

A) limb
B) hinge
C) midsection
D) thorax

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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Force per unit area is termed ____________.

A) stress
B) strain
C) power
D) work

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Question 23

Multiple Choice

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On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the oldest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.

In the map below,the vertical,north-south trending fault is a ____________ fault.

Most fault surfaces,like joints,are roughly planar in orientation.

The outer portion of a craton,where deformed rocks are covered by sediments,is termed the ____________.

On a geologic map,if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a bull's-eye pattern of concentric circles,with the youngest unit in the center,the underlying structure is a(n) ____________.

Movement along faults often produces sharply angled rock fragments termed ____________.

The sides of a fold,where curvature is at a minimum,are termed ____________.

In a ____________ fault,the fault plane is greater than 35° from horizontal and the hanging-wall block moves upward relative to the footwall block.

A polished surface produced by scraping of rock along a fault is termed a(n) ____________.

Motion along all faults is either strike slip or dip slip; combinations of these two types of displacement are never found together in a single fault.

A body of rock under high pressure is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a body of rock at low pressure.

In a ____________ fault,the fault plane is nonvertical,and the hanging-wall block moves downward relative to the footwall block.

Why don't we have mountains as tall as Olympus Mons,found on Mars,on Earth?

During deformation,rocks can undergo a change in all of the following except ____________ .

A hot body of rock is more likely to exhibit ____________ than is a cold body of rock.

Valleys and hillsides carved by glaciers are generally more ____________ in comparison to those produced by rivers and streams.

Shear stress at sufficient depth within a fault plane can induce ductile shear,forming a fine-grained metamorphic rock named ____________.

If a geologist was examining a line that ran across a rock face,how could he or she best determine whether the line was a joint or fault?