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Exam 29: Trauma to the Head, neck, and Spine

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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Your patient was ejected from his motorcycle when he struck a deer late at night on a deserted highway.He is drowsy and unable to communicate clearly.As you immobilize him on the long spine board,you find that you are unable to obtain neutral alignment of his spine due to the large helmet he has on.You should:

A) pad under his shoulders to straighten his neck.
B) tip his head back to gain neutral alignment.
C) place towels on either side of the helmet to stabilize it.
D) remove the helmet to better manage proper alignment.

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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A fracture of which of the following bones would be considered a skull fracture?

A) Temporal bone
B) Nasal bones
C) Maxilla
D) Any of the above

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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When a patient has a serious open wound to the neck,you are concerned about the possibility of an air embolism.The reason an air embolism can occur is because of:

Your patient has been involved in a motor vehicle collision.He has a contusion on his forehead,is confused,and is bleeding from his nose.His heart rate is 90 beats per minute,blood pressure is 80/58 mmHg,respirations are 20 breaths per minute,and his skin is cool and clammy.Which of the following sets of injuries should you suspect?

Which of the following is defined as an area of the body surface that is innervated by a single spinal nerve?

Your patient is a 38-year-old male driver of a vehicle that left the roadway and struck a bus stop shelter and a tree.He is conscious and alert,he has some abrasions on his forehead,his skin is warm and dry,and he has a strong radial pulse and no difficulty breathing.Which of the following descriptions represents the MOST appropriate way for removing the patient from the vehicle?

You are called for a young man who was diving head first off a dock into a lake.Bystanders say he struck his head on the bottom because the water was too shallow.They said he was not breathing when they pulled him from the water and they have been performing rescue breathing for him.He is awake,but he is unable to breathe on his own.What type of damage or injury does this indicate?

Of the following patients,which injury is the highest priority to receive bag-valve-mask ventilations?

Which of the following may be a hazard of an improperly fitting cervical collar?

Which of the following is a function of the autonomic nervous system?

At which point may manual stabilization of the cervical spine be terminated?

Your patient is a 35-year-old woman who was driving a minivan that was struck in the driver's side door by another vehicle.You notice that when you apply pressure to her sternum with your knuckles she extends her legs and flexes her arms and wrists.When giving your radio report,which of the following terms should you use to describe this?

Your patient has had his throat slashed during a robbery attempt.You are concerned since it is apparent that the vessels in his neck have been lacerated.A breach in which of the following vessels would be most likely to lead to an air embolism?

Which of the following is NOT used to calculate a patient's GCS?

A 36-year-old male was accidentally shot with a nail gun into the head.You see the nail,which protrudes about 2 to 3 centimeters from the skull,when you visualize the injury site.Under which of the following circumstances should you remove the nail from the injury site?

Which portions of the spine are the most vulnerable to injury?

When should the EMT calculate a GCS with a patient who suffered a fall of 20 feet from his apartment building?

Which of the following is the underlying cause of neurogenic shock?

Which of the following is the opening at the base of the skull?

Which of the following measures is NOT appropriate for a patient with a significant isolated head injury?