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__________ theorists assert that students have different experiences in the school system depending on their social class, their racial/ethnic background, the neighborhood in which they live, and their sex/gender.


A) ​Postmodern
B) ​Conflict
C) ​Symbolic interactionist
D) ​Functionalist

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Explain why cases of isolated children are important to understanding the socialization process.

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​Analysis of situations in which childre...

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Which of these statements about the use of media by different racial/ethnic groups is true?


A) ​White children use media on a daily basis more often than children of other racial/ethnic groups.
B) ​Black children are the least likely of any group to use media on a daily basis.
C) ​Latino children are the least likely of any racial/ethnic group to use daily media.
D) ​African American and Latino children spend more time with media than do white, non-Latino children.

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According to __________, we do not know who we are until we see ourselves as we believe that others see us. This perspective helps us understand how our self-identity is developed through our contact with others.


A) ​functionalists
B) ​conflict theorists
C) ​symbolic interactionists
D) ​postmodernists

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Which of these statements about racial socialization is false?


A) ​The most important aspects of racial identity are learned within one's family.
B) ​Racial socialization involves direct statements and indirect activities.
C) ​Racial attitudes must be taught intentionally, using direct messages.
D) ​Ethnic values and attitudes begin to solidify within children as early as age 4.

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The research of sociologist William Corsaro suggests that the __________ is the most significant arena in which children and young people acquire cultural knowledge.


A) ​peer group
B) ​mass media
C) ​family
D) ​school

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You are studying for an important exam. Three of your friends convince you to go out drinking although you really feel like you should study. The sociological term for what you have experienced is __________.


A) ​anticipatory strain
B) ​anomie
C) ​peer pressure
D) ​interactional strain

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Which of these is the correct sequence of psychologist Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development?


A) ​preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational, and concrete operational
B) ​concrete operational, preoperational, formal operational, and sensorimotor
C) ​preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational, and sensorimotor
D) ​sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational

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From a __________ perspective, schools are responsible for teaching students to be productive members of society; for transmitting culture, social control, and personal development; and for selecting, training, and placing individuals into different levels in society.


A) ​functionalist
B) ​conflict
C) ​postmodern
D) ​symbolic interactionist

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Describe Kohlberg's research and conclusions about moral development. Explain the major criticisms of Kohlberg's work, including that of Gilligan from the perspective of gender differences.

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Lawrence Kohlberg was a psychologist who...

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The family is the most important agent of socialization in all societies.

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__________ are the most likely to emphasize that during infancy and early childhood, family support and guidance are crucial to a child's developing self-concept.


A) ​Conflict theorists
B) ​Functionalists
C) ​Symbolic interactionists
D) ​Postmodern theorists

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According to sociologist Charles Horton Cooley, the __________ refers to the way in which a person's sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others.


A) ​subconscious
B) ​looking-glass self
C) ​process of role-taking
D) ​significant other

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Theorists using a __________ perspective emphasize that families are important for society because they are the primary source for the procreation and socialization of children.


A) ​conflict
B) ​symbolic interactionist
C) ​postmodern
D) ​functionalist

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According to Kohlberg's framework of moral development, most adults are governed by concern for how they are viewed by others and whether or not they will be punished for their behavior. This is termed the __________ level of moral development.


A) ​subconventional
B) ​conventional
C) ​postconventional
D) ​preconventional

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Define socialization and explain why this process is essential for the individual and society.

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​Socialization is the lifelong process t...

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Socialization is essential for the survival and stability of society. This statement reflects the________________ perspective on socialization and society.


A) ​conflict theory
B) ​postmodern
C) ​functionalist
D) ​symbolic interactionist

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Within Freud's framework for understanding human development, the __________ is the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of individuals.


A) ​id
B) ​ego
C) ​superego
D) ​libido

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Which of these is not one of the socializing functions of the media discussed in the text?


A) ​providing the emotional support lacking in many families
B) ​introducing us to a wide variety of people
C) ​providing an array of viewpoints on current issues
D) ​making us aware of products and services

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Explain psychologist Sigmund Freud's views on human develop through the conflict between individual desires and the demands of society.

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​According to Freud, human development o...

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