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The less ________ the demand, the ________ it pays for the seller to raise the price.


A) determined; less
B) elastic; more
C) elastic; less
D) constant; more
E) fixed; more

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is NOT a type of pricing objective?


A) elasticity
B) volume
C) profitability
D) meeting competition
E) prestige

F) All of the above
G) None of the above

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As production workers become better organized and more familiar with equipment, the average cost per unit decreases. This is called the ________.


A) demand curve
B) experience curve
C) skimming cost
D) penetration cost
E) marginal utility

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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B

The ________ of a product line is the price below which all products in the line will be priced.


A) price ceiling
B) dynamic price
C) price floor
D) price lining
E) online price

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Briefly explain how the Internet has affected cost transparency. Include an explanation of the benefits for consumers and the possible disadvantages for marketers.

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Cost transparency is the ability of consumers to understand a company's True costs. The Internet has greatly increased cost transparency, as information about prices is abundant, easy to find, and free to anyone with Internet access. Internet pricing sites quickly provide information about the prices charged for the same product by different marketers. This benefits consumers financially, but it has four negative effects on pricing strategy for marketers. Increased cost transparency erodes high margins because consumers develop a better understanding of product costs. Cost transparency can also cause customers to treat goods and services as commodities sold at a common market price rather than differentiated, distinct products. Companies that charge more than others for the same product may cause consumers to perceive price unfairness, and customer loyalty to brands may be weakened.

A(n) ________ is a limit on the amount of a product that can be imported into a country.


A) quota
B) exchange rate
C) tariff
D) antidumping law
E) antitrust rate

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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The ________ Act created the regulatory body that investigates unfair trade practices.


A) Federal Trade Commission
B) Clayton
C) Sherman Antitrust
D) Consumer Protection
E) Robinson-Patman

F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

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In a(n) ________ market structure, there are many sellers with very similar products who have no significant pricing power.


A) monopoly
B) oligopoly
C) monopolistic competition
D) pure competition
E) natural competition

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Briefly explain how changes in currency exchange rates can affect a multinational company's pricing strategies.

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Marketers have no control over how excha...

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A company's profit is equal to its ________ minus its ________.


A) markup; total costs
B) revenue; total costs
C) markup; fixed costs
D) revenue; variable costs
E) profit margin; variable costs

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Describe what a demand curve is and explain how it helps businesses.

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A demand curve, or demand schedule, esti...

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Ascot Tires has decided to decrease its prices. The company can expect that ________ for their product will increase.


A) cost-plus pricing
B) value-based pricing
C) demand
D) the experience curve
E) competition

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Some retailers advertise items at very low prices or even below cost just to get customers into the store. This ________ strategy is prohibited in some states.


A) bait-and-switch
B) price lining
C) predatory pricing
D) loss leader pricing
E) dynamic pricing

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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A business using price lining is doing which of the following?


A) trying to avoid the use of psychological pricing, which may be negatively received by customers
B) trying to recoup its research and development costs for a new product
C) attempting to attain a large market share before any competitors can enter the marketplace
D) creating different prices for different products within a product line
E) engaging in potentially unethical pricing

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In the competitive bidding process, all bids should be blind so communication between buyer and sellers remains confidential.

A) True
B) False

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________ establishes a price based on the cost to manufacture a product or deliver a service.


A) Value-based pricing
B) Fixed cost pricing
C) Cost-based pricing
D) A skimming price
E) Price bundling

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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In a(n) ________ market structure, there are several sellers, each having slightly different products with unique customer benefits.


A) monopoly
B) oligopoly
C) monopolistic competition
D) pure competition
E) natural competition

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Value Meal Deals at a fast food restaurant in which you get a sandwich, fries, and a drink for one price are an example of price bundling.

A) True
B) False

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True

The Pure Drug Company produces insulin, a product with a very stable demand, even though the price has changed several times in the past two years. Insulin is a product with ________ demand.


A) joint
B) service
C) inelastic
D) elastic
E) fluctuating

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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Storefront pricing is also known as offline pricing.

A) True
B) False

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