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Two reasons why white-collar deviance exists are greater opportunity and weaker social controls.

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According to David Ermann and Richard Lundman,there are three reasons why government officials tend to purposely abuse their power.Which of the following is NOT one of them?


A) stronger deviant motivation
B) greater deviant opportunity
C) weaker social control
D) stronger innovative tendancies

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The most common form of official corruption is probably the abuse of the __________.

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The proportion of the nation's entire work force that has committed employee theft is __________ percent.


A) 10
B) 30
C) 75
D) 90

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Kenneth Lay of Enron and Scott Sullivan of WorldCom are two examples of corporate __________.

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Most of the tax evasion methods employed by corporations are


A) legal.
B) detected and prosecuted.
C) the consequence of government harassment.
D) not economically significant.

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Which of the following is NOT a unique aspect of white-collar deviance?


A) the extensive use of an organization to commit deviance
B) the white-collar criminal's ability to maintain a noncriminal self-image
C) the unwitting cooperation of the victim
D) society's relative indifference toward the deviance

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Choose and analyze one type of deviant corporate behavior.What are some of the deviant activities that corporations undertake,and what are their causes and costs?

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One type of deviant corporate behavior i...

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Embezzlers usually define their stealing as merely borrowing the money,for they insist they will pay it back soon.

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Public officials will usually admit when wrongdoing has occurred when faced with overwhelming evidence of their deviance.

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It is doubtful that the government can wage an all-out war on white-collar deviance because


A) such criminals are too powerful or respectable.
B) the government is too busy arresting drug offenders.
C) jurors will sympathize too much with the white-collar defendants.
D) not enough laws exist to pursue a rigorous war on this deviance.

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Most corporate deviance against the government involves __________.

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The third and final stage through which an otherwise honest employee becomes an embezzler is


A) becoming aware of an opportunity for stealing.
B) developing what they perceive to be an unshareable financial problem.
C) rationalizing away the criminal nature of their act.
D) violating the company's stated values and norms.

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The sense of greed that drives much white-collar deviance is


A) a psychological abnormality.
B) is derived from a culture of competition.
C) the result of a culture that condemns greed.
D) becoming less and less influential.

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Discuss some of the reasons why white-collar deviance is so unique.That is,what are some features of this type of deviance that are not found among other types of deviance?

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White-collar deviance is unique in sever...

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The umbrella term used to describe deviance committed by the relatively rich and powerful is called ______.


A) organized crime
B) white-collar crime
C) privileged deviance
D) normal deviance

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All of the following are ways for doctors to take part in white-collar deviance,EXCEPT for


A) fee splitting.
B) unnecessary surgery.
C) outright quackery.
D) fraudulently claiming payment for services.

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One major reason for fraudulent activities in the insurance industry that was not present in the banking industry was


A) the involvement of organized deviance.
B) even more inadequate government regulation.
C) even more criminal participation in managing the companies.
D) the unsettled nature of the insurance industry.

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When President Reagan stated again and again that he did not know of the diversion of funds to the Nicaraguan rebels,he was involved in which of the following techniques of neutralization?


A) simply ignoring the deviance
B) promising an investigation
C) accusing the accuser
D) denying the obvious

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White-collar deviance is deviance committed by white-collar persons in the course of the offender's occupation for personal or corporate gain.

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