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A recent U.S. Supreme Court decision has nullified federal laws that restrict political campaign fund contributions for corporate labor unions.

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If a person has buying power, he or she is influenced only by a product's absolute price.

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Discretionary income is associated with all of the following except


A) automobiles.
B) education.
C) pets.
D) furniture.
E) food.

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Technology assessment is


A) measuring how much technology has been incorporated into an organization.
B) trying to foresee the effects of new products and processes on the firm's operation and on society in general.
C) assessing how much technology one wants to incorporate into a company in the future.
D) judging how a firm's products affect society.
E) weighing the cost of new technology to determine whether a firm can afford to use it.

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Which of the following is the best example of utilizing technology to improve consumer relationships?


A) Waiters recording orders on handheld computers
B) Surveying customers to determine their needs
C) Responding to changes in competitors' prices
D) Introducing stringent package standards
E) Requiring dolphin-safe tuna

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When using credit to make purchases, consumers are


A) decreasing current buying power and increasing future buying power.
B) increasing their present discretionary income to extend purchasing power.
C) putting themselves at significant risk of financial disaster.
D) forgoing the accumulation of wealth to increase current income.
E) increasing current buying power at the expense of future buying power.

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Companies that compete for the same limited financial resources of the same customers are known as ____ competitors.


A) oligopolic
B) total budget
C) generic
D) product
E) brand

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While Silk Soymilk engages in environmental scanning and analysis, the company is more likely to change its products and marketing strategies to adapt to environmental forces rather than trying to influence these forces. Silk Soymilk has a(n) ____ approach to marketing environmental forces.


A) inactive
B) reactive
C) proactive
D) negative
E) variable

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Volkswagen is planning its promotional strategy for its Passat model. When compared to others in its class, the Passat has average gas mileage, better comfort ratings, more leg room, better interiors, average dependability, and is made in its plants in Tennessee. Which of the following attributes of a Volkswagen Passat would be most appropriate to emphasize in television commercials during an economic recession?


A) Gas mileage
B) Dependability
C) Made in the U.S.A.
D) Leg room
E) Comfort

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In a period of economic recovery, the best marketing strategy for FedEx would be characterized by which of the following features?


A) Flexibility
B) Aggressiveness
C) Austerity
D) Retrenchment
E) Boldness

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The marketing environment consists of external forces that directly or indirectly influence an organization's acquisition of inputs and generation of outputs.

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The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America sets guidelines for its member firms to follow regarding the use of unethical practices. Thus, it is engaging in


A) legislation.
B) lobbying.
C) self-regulation.
D) environmental scanning.
E) trade restraint.

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What roles do the Better Business Bureau and the National Advertising Review Board play in self-regulation of business?

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Which of the following actions is illegal?


A) Political officials influencing how much a government agency purchases and from whom.
B) Corporate contributions to candidates.
C) Corporate contributions to elected officials.
D) Political officials helping businesses secure foreign markets.
E) Paying political officials not to enforce a particular law.

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Disposable income is used to pay taxes, spend, and save.

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Assuming that inflation is low, high buying power characterizes the ____ stage of the business cycle.


A) prosperity
B) depression
C) recovery
D) succession
E) recession

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Which of the following statements about self-regulatory programs is false?


A) Self-regulatory programs are usually less expensive than governmental regulatory programs.
B) Self-regulatory programs' guidelines generally are more realistic and operational.
C) Nongovernmental self-regulatory programs have neither the tools nor the authority to enforce guidelines.
D) Self-regulatory guidelines generally are stricter than governmental regulatory programs.
E) When a trade association sets up industry guidelines, some firms that are in the industry but not in the trade association do not follow the guidelines.

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A good example of a government regulatory group at the local level is the Better Business Bureau.

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Marketers who attempt to influence and change the various environmental forces have a(n) ____ response to these forces.


A) reactive
B) inactive
C) variable
D) positive
E) proactive

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Which of the following is an advantage that self-regulatory agencies such as the BBB and the NARB have over governmental laws and regulatory agencies?


A) Firms must strictly abide by the rulings of self-regulatory agencies.
B) Establishment and implementation are usually less expensive.
C) They have better tools to enforce their rulings.
D) Guidelines are often stricter and create greater compliance from firms.
E) Money is very rarely an issue in enforcing decisions of self-regulatory agencies.

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