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Exam 13: Health Psychology

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Question 1

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How did Julian Rotter measure locus of control in people?

A) He used naturalistic observation.
B) He used a case study method.
C) He used a scale he had previously developed and validated.
D) He used a physiological measure of heart rate.

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Question 2

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Distinguish between acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In your comparison, outline the main categories of symptoms seen in ASD and PTSD.

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People with acute stress disorder experience high levels of anxiety and dissociation during the days and weeks after a trauma. People experiencing dissociation responses feel detached from their bodies, as if they are living in a dream, and feel they lack emotional responsiveness. They also have trouble concentrating and remembering things. Reminders of the trauma can result in intense feelings of anxiety, terror, or helplessness. Typically, people who suffer acute stress disorder will avoid any places, activities, conversations, or people who may be associated with the traumatic event. Posttraumatic stress disorder occurs when a person continues to experience distress long after a traumatic life event. The trauma appears to play over and over in the mind of the person. Symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder include: (1) Re-experiencing symptoms: This can be nightmares, flashbacks, or intrusive thoughts. (2) Avoidance symptoms: This occurs when the person stays away from anything that may remind them of the trauma. They detach from their feelings and lose interest in activities they once enjoyed. (3) Hyperarousal: The person may experience anxiety and tension and have difficulty sleeping. They may startle very easily.

Question 3

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In Julian Rotter's research on locus of control, what did his study identify as the relationship between locus of control and health?

__________ refers to the process of adjusting your behaviors in order to reach your goals.

What proportion of patients fails to adhere to their doctors' orders?

Flip has lost his mom to a serious illness and has had to give up his home after falling behind on the mortgage. He has just heard about layoffs that are coming at his job, and he is supposed to get married next month. According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) , Flip is under __________ stress.

Amanda is having headaches on a regular basis. The doctor can't find a reason for her headaches but notices that she is living a stressful lifestyle, holding down two jobs while going to school. The doctor prescribes a medication but also sends her to a class on stress management. Most likely, Amanda's headaches are __________.

The __________ theory is the idea that you can reduce physical and emotional tension following a stressor by releasing it through hitting, punching, journaling, or drawing.

Kirk eats many vegetables and goes to bed every night at 10. He wears a helmet when he rides his bike, and he exercises regularly. Kirk is demonstrating __________.

Which of the following are the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder?

Candace's mother begs the doctor to give her daughter something to help her pain. The doctor reluctantly prescribes something that he doubts will work at all. However, relieved, Candace's mother takes her home and is more nurturing and positive around her. Candace begins to get better under this loving care. This is a case of __________.

When you believe that pills generally work and you desire relief from a symptom, often even a fake pill can bring you relief. This is known as the __________ effect.

Dr. Koram specializes in providing support to people who are obese and are trying to make lifestyle changes to eat and live healthier. Dr. Koram is working in which area of health psychology?

The __________ is an environmental model that examines how people and their environment influence each other.

Explain what is meant by the term stress. Evaluate the importance of cognitive appraisal in the experience of stress. Distinguish between primary and secondary appraisal using illustrative examples from your own recent experience.

Leroy lives in a large city. Each day, he must deal with the noise of traffic, the pollution created by that traffic, and the overcrowded streets. Leroy is dealing with __________ factors of stress.

__________ is a positive perception of meaning and purpose in life.

You can learn to consciously control your blood pressure, respiration, or heart rate by using __________.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Type D personality?

Distinguish among the four methods that a minority person might use to deal with the acculturative stress after moving to a new country.