Question 1

People with Williams syndrome demonstrate which conclusion?​

Accepted Answer

A)  It is possible to form long-term memories without having short-term memories.
B)  ​It is possible for someone with no language at age 12 to develop it later.
C)  ​It is possible to have good language despite low overall intelligence.
D)  ​It is possible to speak intelligently without being able to understand speech.

Question 2

The studies with bonobos imply what advice for teaching language to children?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Teach each word one at a time.
B)  ​Before starting, determine whether the child is a visual learner or a verbal learner.
C)  ​Provide a long rest after each training session.
D)  ​Start when they are young.

Question 3

Which of the following tends to be true of maximizers?​

Accepted Answer

A)  They make decisions quickly and feel pleased with their decisions.
B)  They tend to make decisions that other people regard as poor ones.​
C)  ​They consider many possibilities before making a decision.
D)  ​They consistently choose the most expensive of the choices available.

Question 4

​You are asked whether a drawing of one object could be rotated to match another one.When the answer is "yes," what influences your speed of reply?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your delay is shorter if you report higher self-esteem.
B)  ​Your delay is shorter if you have had extensive musical training.
C)  ​Your delay is proportional to how far one object must rotate to match the other.
D)  ​Your delay is proportional to the size of the objects compared to the size of your hand.

Question 5

Which of the following words has exactly one morpheme?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Carnival
B)  ​Cars
C)  ​Carver
D)  ​Carrier

Question 6

Which of these sentences has the same deep structure as "The rats are in cages"?​

Accepted Answer

A)  The cats are in rages.
B)  ​The cages contain rats.
C)  ​The rats are not in cages.
D)  ​The mice are in cages.

Question 7

What is the typical frequency of fixations while an adult is reading?​

Accepted Answer

A)  One fixation per second
B)  ​Four fixations per second
C)  ​A hundred fixations per second
D)  ​Two or three fixations per minute

Question 8

An expert and a beginner examine chess pieces arranged on a chessboard as they might appear during a well-played game.Which one (if either) can remember the arrangement better,and why?​

Accepted Answer

A)  The expert remembers better because of greater capacity of short-term memory.
B)  ​The expert remembers better because of better episodic memory.
C)  ​The expert remembers better by recognizing a familiar pattern.
D)  ​Both will remember about equally well because it is a visual memory.

Question 9

How does the brain represent language in a bilingual person?​

Accepted Answer

A)  One language is in the left hemisphere and the other is in both hemispheres.
B)  ​One language is in the left hemisphere and the other is in the right hemisphere.
C)  ​An expanded area of the brain controls language, but it is the same for both languages.
D)  ​One language is in Broca's area and the other is in Wernicke's area.

Question 10

​In a field of brown bushes,by what type of process would you find a motionless brown rabbit?

Accepted Answer

A)  A maximizing process
B)  ​A bottom-up process
C)  ​An attentive process
D)  ​A preattentive process

Question 11

Students heard a recorded sentence in which a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in legislatures (one of the words in the sentence) .What did the students hear?​

Accepted Answer

A)  "le--ures"
B)  ​"legi--"
C)  ​"--latures"
D)  ​"legislatures"

Question 12

Which of the following is LEAST common for a 1½-year-old toddler?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Linking words into phrases and short sentences
B)  ​Combining a word with a gesture
C)  ​Communicating by a gesture alone
D)  ​Using a word without asking for something

Question 13

The "framing effect" is the tendency to do what?

Accepted Answer

A)  To overestimate the accuracy of your answers to difficult questions
B)  ​To answer a question differently when it is phrased differently
C)  ​To overlook base-rate information
D)  ​To think of an object only in terms of the most common way of using it

Question 14

How do System 1 thinking and System 2 thinking differ?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Individual decisions versus group decisions
B)  ​Verbal answers versus nonverbal answers
C)  ​Quick answers versus careful consideration
D)  ​Correct decisions versus errors

Question 15

Most people prefer an action that definitely saves 200 lives instead of one with a one-third chance of saving 600 lives.What would probably change their preference?

Accepted Answer

A)  Give people longer to decide.
B)  Ask people to discuss the question with friends before they decide.
C)  Phrase the question in terms of avoiding the loss of lives.
D)  Repeat the question a week or two later.

Question 16

Which of these argues against the idea that we read a word one letter at a time?​

Accepted Answer

A)  A blurry letter can look like either E or F, depending on the surrounding letters.
B)  ​It is easier to read a word than to say the color of its ink.
C)  ​We read short, familiar words faster than long, unfamiliar words.
D)  ​We read about 11 characters during a fixation, and none during a saccade.

Question 17

Research on "choice blindness" suggests which of these conclusions?​

Accepted Answer

A)  People avoid listening to evidence that disagrees with something they chose.​
B)  ​People prefer to choose something different from what other people chose.
C)  ​People often don't know the reasons for something they chose.
D)  ​People often debate the possibilities so long that they make no choice at all.

Question 18

​A blurry letter looks like B if followed by IRD,but looks like P if followed by ROOF.What conclusion does this observation support?

Accepted Answer

A)  Word recognition depends on a special area of the brain.
B)  ​We read short, familiar words faster than longer or less familiar ones.
C)  ​We can read about 11 letters during a single eye fixation.
D)  ​We read a word as a unit, not one letter at a time.

Question 19

​What evidence argues against the idea that practicing music improves hearing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Highly practiced musicians have no better hearing than other people, on average.
B)  ​The ability to hear well is known to depend entirely on a single gene.
C)  ​Twins are similar in hearing, even if only one practiced music.
D)  ​Repetitive exposure to music is known to damage a person's hearing.

Question 20

​People are often slow to find something different between two complex,similar scenes.When they find it,what does their detection depend on?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bottom-up process
B)  ​The availability heuristic
C)  ​An attentive process
D)  ​A preattentive process

Exam 8: Cognition and Language

​In a field of brown bushes,by what type of process would you find a motionless brown rabbit?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these argues against the idea that we read a word one letter at a time?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do System 1 thinking and System 2 thinking differ?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An expert and a beginner examine chess pieces arranged on a chessboard as they might appear during a well-played game.Which one (if either) can remember the arrangement better,and why?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​A blurry letter looks like B if followed by IRD,but looks like P if followed by ROOF.What conclusion does this observation support?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on "choice blindness" suggests which of these conclusions?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​You are asked whether a drawing of one object could be rotated to match another one.When the answer is "yes," what influences your speed of reply?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "framing effect" is the tendency to do what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the typical frequency of fixations while an adult is reading?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following words has exactly one morpheme?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The studies with bonobos imply what advice for teaching language to children?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​People are often slow to find something different between two complex,similar scenes.When they find it,what does their detection depend on?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is LEAST common for a 1½-year-old toddler?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Students heard a recorded sentence in which a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in legislatures (one of the words in the sentence) .What did the students hear?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with Williams syndrome demonstrate which conclusion?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most people prefer an action that definitely saves 200 lives instead of one with a one-third chance of saving 600 lives.What would probably change their preference?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​What evidence argues against the idea that practicing music improves hearing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these sentences has the same deep structure as "The rats are in cages"?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the brain represent language in a bilingual person?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following tends to be true of maximizers?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a field of brown bushes,by what type of process would you find a motionless brown rabbit?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these argues against the idea that we read a word one letter at a time?

Correct Answer
verified

How do System 1 thinking and System 2 thinking differ?

Correct Answer
verified

An expert and a beginner examine chess pieces arranged on a chessboard as they might appear during a well-played game.Which one (if either) can remember the arrangement better,and why?

Correct Answer
verified

A blurry letter looks like B if followed by IRD,but looks like P if followed by ROOF.What conclusion does this observation support?

Correct Answer
verified

Research on "choice blindness" suggests which of these conclusions?

Correct Answer
verified

You are asked whether a drawing of one object could be rotated to match another one.When the answer is "yes," what influences your speed of reply?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is the typical frequency of fixations while an adult is reading?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following words has exactly one morpheme?

Correct Answer
verified

The studies with bonobos imply what advice for teaching language to children?

Correct Answer
verified

People are often slow to find something different between two complex,similar scenes.When they find it,what does their detection depend on?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is LEAST common for a 1½-year-old toddler?

Correct Answer
verified

Students heard a recorded sentence in which a cough or a tone replaced the first "s" in legislatures (one of the words in the sentence) .What did the students hear?

Correct Answer
verified

People with Williams syndrome demonstrate which conclusion?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What evidence argues against the idea that practicing music improves hearing?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these sentences has the same deep structure as "The rats are in cages"?

Correct Answer
verified

How does the brain represent language in a bilingual person?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following tends to be true of maximizers?

Correct Answer
verified