Question 1

Why do behaviorists insist that thoughts are not the causes of behavior?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Thought processes are too slow to explain most behaviors.
B)  ​Most people have trouble describing their thoughts clearly.
C)  ​Much of behavior depends on unconscious thought processes.
D)  The events that caused the thoughts are the real causes.​

Question 2

Why do many cancer patients lose their appetite after receiving radiation therapy?​

Accepted Answer

A)  They feel better physically but they start to become depressed.
B)  Radiation alters activity in the brain areas responsible for taste.​
C)  Radiation alters activity in the brain areas responsible for hunger.​
D)  They associate the last food they ate with nausea.​

Question 3

​Suppose you produce classical conditioning and then extinction.If you wait a long time and then test again,what will happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Generalization
B)  Discrimination​
C)  Spontaneous recovery​
D)  Inhibition​

Question 4

​Social-learning theory emphasizes the importance of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Algorithms
B)  Shaping and chaining​
C)  Schedules of reinforcement​
D)  Imitation​

Question 5

Why do behaviorists argue that your thoughts do not cause your behaviors?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Thoughts are brain processes, and behaviors are muscle activities.
B)  Behavior depends on free will that science cannot explain.​
C)  It is difficult to understand people's unconscious thoughts.​
D)  Past and present events caused your thoughts.​

Question 6

If you want to produce classical conditioning,what procedure should you use?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Pair the unconditioned stimulus with the unconditioned response.
B)  Pair the conditioned stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus.​
C)  Pair the conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response.​
D)  Present the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus.​

Question 7

Why is vicarious punishment usually less effective than vicarious reinforcement?​

Accepted Answer

A)  People are already careful to avoid dangerous behaviors.
B)  Vicarious reinforcement is simpler than vicarious punishment.​
C)  People tend to identify with successful people.​
D)  Vicarious punishment lacks self-efficacy.​

Question 8

​Which term describes the ability of a stimulus to encourage some responses and discourage others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulus control
B)  Stimulus generalization​
C)  Negative reinforcement​
D)  Dishabituation​

Question 9

What procedure might you use in applied behavior analysis?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Surround someone with other people who are engaged in appropriate behaviors.
B)  Combine psychoanalysis with certain antidepressant drugs.​
C)  Reinforce acceptable behaviors and not the undesired ones.​
D)  Record brain activity and correlate it with self-reported changes in mood.​

Question 10

​Children who are frequently spanked tend to be ill behaved.What conclusion (if any) can we draw from this result?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spanking leads to bad behaviors.
B)  Ill-behaved children provoke their parents to spank them.​
C)  Certain genes lead to ill-behaved children and short-tempered parents.​
D)  We can draw none of these conclusions.​

Question 11

What strengthens the probability of a behavior?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Either positive or negative reinforcement
B)  ​Positive reinforcement only
C)  ​Negative reinforcement only
D)  Neither a positive reinforcement nor a negative reinforcement​

Question 12

The more oysters you open,the greater your chances of finding a pearl,but you cannot predict when you will find one.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Fixed-interval
B)  Variable-interval​
C)  Fixed-ratio​
D)  Variable-ratio​

Question 13

What did Pavlov say was responsible for classical conditioning?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth of a connection between the CS center and the UCS center
B)  ​Increased metabolic rate in both the CS center and the UCS center
C)  Increased metabolic rate in just the CS center​
D)  Increased metabolic rate in just the UCS center​

Question 14

Rats become nauseated after they drink saccharin-flavored water from a tube that produces loud noises and bright lights.Later,what do they avoid,if anything?​

Accepted Answer

A)  The loud noises and bright lights
B)  Saccharin-flavored water​
C)  The tube​
D)  Nothing​

Question 15

How could you use an operant-conditioning principle to persuade someone to do something?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Start by reinforcing a small amount of cooperation and then shape further cooperation.
B)  Electrically stimulate the brain areas responsible for the desired behaviors.​
C)  Demonstrate the desired behavior and wait for the person to imitate it.​
D)  Pair a neutral stimulus with presentation of another stimulus that causes the behavior.​

Question 16

Which of the following did Ivan Pavlov study?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Social learning theory
B)  ​Operant conditioning
C)  Classical conditioning​
D)  The zone of proximal development​

Question 17

​Frequently spanked children tend toward misbehavior.What (if anything) can we conclude,and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spanking leads to misbehavior. The evidence stated is sufficient.
B)  Misbehaving children provoke their parents to lose their temper. The evidence stated is sufficient.​
C)  We can draw no cause and effect conclusion, because the sample sizes have been small.​
D)  We can draw no cause and effect conclusion, because the evidence is correlational.​

Question 18

A child who plays games on an iPad by touching the screen now tries to control the picture on a TV by touching the screen.This is an example of what?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Discrimination
B)  Stimulus generalization​
C)  Dishabituation​
D)  The disequilibrium principle​

Question 19

An animal sees a flashing light and then makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?​

Accepted Answer

A)  Operant conditioning
B)  Classical conditioning​
C)  Social learning​
D)  Conditioned taste aversion​

Question 20

On a continuous schedule of reinforcement,when does reinforcement occur?​

Accepted Answer

A)  After every response
B)  ​For the first response after a given period of time
C)  ​After a certain number of responses
D)  ​After an unpredictable number of responses

Exam 6: Learning

Why is vicarious punishment usually less effective than vicarious reinforcement?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Suppose you produce classical conditioning and then extinction.If you wait a long time and then test again,what will happen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Children who are frequently spanked tend to be ill behaved.What conclusion (if any) can we draw from this result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rats become nauseated after they drink saccharin-flavored water from a tube that produces loud noises and bright lights.Later,what do they avoid,if anything?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Frequently spanked children tend toward misbehavior.What (if anything) can we conclude,and why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On a continuous schedule of reinforcement,when does reinforcement occur?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did Pavlov say was responsible for classical conditioning?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do behaviorists insist that thoughts are not the causes of behavior?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Which term describes the ability of a stimulus to encourage some responses and discourage others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child who plays games on an iPad by touching the screen now tries to control the picture on a TV by touching the screen.This is an example of what?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do many cancer patients lose their appetite after receiving radiation therapy?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What procedure might you use in applied behavior analysis?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you want to produce classical conditioning,what procedure should you use?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An animal sees a flashing light and then makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following did Ivan Pavlov study?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

​Social-learning theory emphasizes the importance of what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The more oysters you open,the greater your chances of finding a pearl,but you cannot predict when you will find one.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How could you use an operant-conditioning principle to persuade someone to do something?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do behaviorists argue that your thoughts do not cause your behaviors?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What strengthens the probability of a behavior?​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is vicarious punishment usually less effective than vicarious reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose you produce classical conditioning and then extinction.If you wait a long time and then test again,what will happen?

Correct Answer
verified

Children who are frequently spanked tend to be ill behaved.What conclusion (if any) can we draw from this result?

Correct Answer
verified

Rats become nauseated after they drink saccharin-flavored water from a tube that produces loud noises and bright lights.Later,what do they avoid,if anything?

Correct Answer
verified

Frequently spanked children tend toward misbehavior.What (if anything) can we conclude,and why?

Correct Answer
verified

On a continuous schedule of reinforcement,when does reinforcement occur?

Correct Answer
verified

What did Pavlov say was responsible for classical conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

Why do behaviorists insist that thoughts are not the causes of behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

Which term describes the ability of a stimulus to encourage some responses and discourage others?

Correct Answer
verified

A child who plays games on an iPad by touching the screen now tries to control the picture on a TV by touching the screen.This is an example of what?

Correct Answer
verified

Why do many cancer patients lose their appetite after receiving radiation therapy?

Correct Answer
verified

What procedure might you use in applied behavior analysis?

Correct Answer
verified

If you want to produce classical conditioning,what procedure should you use?

Correct Answer
verified

An animal sees a flashing light and then makes a response that is followed by food.The food is given only when the animal makes the response.Which type of learning is this?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following did Ivan Pavlov study?

Correct Answer
verified

Social-learning theory emphasizes the importance of what?

Correct Answer
verified

The more oysters you open,the greater your chances of finding a pearl,but you cannot predict when you will find one.This is an example of which type of schedule of reinforcement?

Correct Answer
verified

How could you use an operant-conditioning principle to persuade someone to do something?

Correct Answer
verified

Why do behaviorists argue that your thoughts do not cause your behaviors?

Correct Answer
verified

What strengthens the probability of a behavior?

Correct Answer
verified