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The Furman decision was not against capital punishment itself; it was against the way it was being implemented.

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Match the following terms with their meanings. -Clemency


A) A reduction of the sentence through action in the executive branch.
B) A stay of execution that grants time for something, such as an appeal, to happen.
C) A broad term describing an act of leniency in the criminal justice system.
D) Releases the person (partially or fully) from the legal consequences of the crime.

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Explain the primary issues related to fairness and the death penalty.

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Statistics show that the death penalty i...

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If most murders are emotional rather than rational acts, which argument favoring the death penalty is weakened?


A) Retribution.
B) Fairness.
C) Deterrence.
D) Innocence.

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Match the following terms with their meanings. -Gregg decision


A) A reduction of the sentence through action in the executive branch.
B) A stay of execution that grants time for something, such as an appeal, to happen.
C) A broad term describing an act of leniency in the criminal justice system.
D) Releases the person (partially or fully) from the legal consequences of the crime.

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As a result of court rulings that prohibit the execution of persons who are mentally ill or intellectually disabled, a review of 100 recent executions confirmed that none of the executed offenders suffered from intellectual disability or showed symptoms of mental illness.

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Match the following terms with their meanings. -Furman decision


A) A reduction of the sentence through action in the executive branch.
B) A stay of execution that grants time for something, such as an appeal, to happen.
C) A broad term describing an act of leniency in the criminal justice system.
D) Releases the person (partially or fully) from the legal consequences of the crime.

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After their review of available evidence, the National Research Council determined that research to date


A) clearly shows that the death penalty has a deterrent effect on homicide rates.
B) suggests that capital punishment deters many people considering first degree murder but only a few of those considering second degree murder and manslaughter.
C) indicates that the death penalty effectively deters women, but cannot be said to deter men from committing first degree murder.
D) cannot conclusively determine whether capital punishment decreases, increases, or has no effect on homicide rates.

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D

Since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976, more white people have been executed than have black people.

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Some historians are surprised that capital punishment became popular in the United States because it had been banned in all 13 colonies.

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________ is a broad term referring to an act of leniency in the criminal justice system.

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According to a review of methodologically sophisticated studies, black and Hispanic suspects-especially those who victimize whites-are more likely to be charged and fully prosecuted than are white suspects.

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Since 1976, all executions have been for murder with aggravating circumstances.

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Persons who favor keeping the death penalty are referred to as ________.

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In a study of death penalty cases in Texas, researchers found that capital defendants with court-appointed lawyers were just as likely to receive a death sentence as were those who hired their own attorneys.

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In the period from 1930 to 1976 executions were typically for murder, with African-Americans accounting for about half of those executions. About 12% of the executions during that period were for rape. African-Americans made up what percentage of the executions for rape?


A) 12%.
B) 33%.
C) 70%.
D) 90%.

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Since 1976, most (55%) of the persons executed were


A) African-American.
B) Asian-American.
C) Latino.
D) White.

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D

The majority of persons executed since 1976


A) were convicted of murdering white victims.
B) had hired their own lawyer.
C) had murdered more than one person in a single event or over time.
D) All of the above are correct.
E) None of the above is correct.

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The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the death penalty to be unconstitutional, as it was then being used, in the ________ v. Georgia case.

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Which of the following is NOT a capital crime as found in any of the federal or state statues authorizing capital punishment?


A) Treason.
B) Second degree murder.
C) Aggravated kidnapping.
D) Drug trafficking.

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