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Complete the following table:  Type of speech sound disorder  Description  Example of a speech error  characteristic of this type of  speech sound disorder  phonological impairment  inconsistent speech disorder  articulation impairment  childhood apraxia of speech  childhood dysarthria \begin{array}{|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Type of speech sound disorder } & \text { Description } & \begin{array}{l}\text { Example of a speech error } \\\text { characteristic of this type of } \\\text { speech sound disorder }\end{array} \\\hline \text { phonological impairment } & & \\\hline \text { inconsistent speech disorder } & & \\\hline \text { articulation impairment } & & \\\hline \text { childhood apraxia of speech } & & \\\hline \text { childhood dysarthria } & & \\\hline\end{array}

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Speech characteristics common for children with cleft lip and palate include:


A) hypernasality and abnormal nasal airflow during speech.
B) syllable segregation and stress equalization.
C) vowel distortions and dysprosody.
D) inconsistent productions of the same word.

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Depending on a child's symptoms, childhood dysarthria may be classified as:


A) flaccid or spastic only.
B) hyperkinetic or hypokinetic only.
C) flaccid, spastic, hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, ataxic, or mixed.
D) ataxtic or mixed only.

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The Body Structure component of the Children and Youth Version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF-CY) (WHO, 2007) refers to:


A) the skeletal system.
B) the organization of the body into different structures such as arms, legs and torso.
C) anatomical parts of the body (e.g., ears, eyes, lungs, liver, limbs) and their components.
D) anatomical structures of the body including bones and cartilage.

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Jasper (5;1 years) is monolingual and speaks English. He has a severe phonological disorder (rather than delay) . Which of the following productions of the word juice most likely reflects Jasper's production?


A) juice / Jasper (5;1 years) is monolingual and speaks English. He has a severe phonological disorder (rather than delay) . Which of the following productions of the word juice most likely reflects Jasper's production? A) juice / / \rightarrow [u?] B) juice / / \rightarrow [3us] C) juice / / \rightarrow [dzus] D) juice / / \rightarrow [dus] / →\rightarrow [u?]
B) juice /11ee98b2_2d82_eeae_a6de_29ea8c196f60_TB9704_11/ →\rightarrow [3us]
C) juice /11ee98b2_2d82_eeae_a6de_29ea8c196f60_TB9704_11/ →\rightarrow [dzus]
D) juice /11ee98b2_2d82_eeae_a6de_29ea8c196f60_TB9704_11/ →\rightarrow [dus]

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Virginia (2;4 years) has recently been diagnosed with childhood dysarthria. This means that she has:


A) an articulation impairment associated with the distortion of all speech sounds.
B) a genetic syndrome impacting her oral structure and function.
C) a motor-speech disorder due to paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech muscles caused by central or peripheral nerve damage.
D) spastic cerebral palsy due to anoxia at birth.

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Santiago (3;2 years) has childhood dysarthria. Carter (3;9 years) has a phonological impairment. With regards to oral structure and function, Santiago is more likely than Carter to have difficulties with:


A) the structure of his palate.
B) oral function.
C) speech perception.
D) neither oral structure or oral function.

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Explain how environmental factors (e.g., products and technology, relationships, society attitudes, in addition to speech-language pathology services) could help or hinder children with speech sound disorders.

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Paxton (5;5 years) has inconsistent speech disorder and Jeremy (5;3 years) has childhood apraxia of speech. What speech characteristic would help separate Paxton's type of speech sound disorder from Jeremy's type of speech sound disorder?


A) Paxton would have lexical inconsistency but appropriate prosody, whereas Jeremy is likely to have lexical inconsistency and dysprosody.
B) Paxton would have vowel distortions whereas Jeremy would have sibilant distortions.
C) Paxton would have consonant omission errors whereas Jeremy would have syllable omission errors.
D) Paxton would have lexical inconsistency and dysprosody whereas Jeremy would be lexically consistency but have reversal errors in polysyllables.

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Compare and contrast definitions and key symptoms of childhood apraxia of speech by different researchers, and the implications of the controversy around the key symptoms of childhood apraxia of speech for assessment, diagnosis and intervention.

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Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a s...

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List four other terms synonymous with residual articulation errors.

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Residual articulation errors refer to sp...

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Childhood apraxia of speech, is best characterized by:


A) inconsistent errors on consonant and vowels, syllable segregation and stress equalization.
B) consistent use of numerous substitution and syllable structure phonological processes.
C) breathy and strained voice quality.
D) distortions of sibilants and rhotics.

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Select one type of communication impairment (e.g., expressive language impairment, stuttering), that can co-occur with speech sound disorders, and discuss the characteristics and outcomes for children with co-occurring impairments.

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One type of communication impairment tha...

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Harry (10;2 years) has moderate flaccid childhood dysarthria. Symptoms you would expect to observe in Harry's speech include:


A) adequate breath control for speech but distortion of sibilants and rhotics.
B) adequate breath control for speech but syllable segregation and stress equalization.
C) inconsistent production of consonants and vowels in words.
D) breathiness, nasalized speech, monopitch, inappropriate loudness (too soft) and imprecise articulation.

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What is the nature of the difficulty for children with an articulation impairment involving sibilants or rhotics? Consider research literature on speech perception and speech production.

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Children with an articulation impairment...

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The link between speech sound disorders and otitis media with effusion (OME or glue ear) is:


A) unclear.
B) clear and well-established.
C) irrelevant.
D) non-existent.

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List the three key features of childhood apraxia of speech in ASHA's (2007) childhood apraxia of speech position statement.

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The American Speech-Language-Hearing Ass...

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Discuss the similarities and differences between inconsistent speech disorder, childhood apraxia of speech, and childhood dysarthria.

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Inconsistent speech disorder, childhood ...

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Compare and contrast the four different speech sound disorders classification systems and explain why different classification systems exist.

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There are four main classification syste...

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Rueben (8;5 years) has difficulty clearly articulating the /Rueben (8;5 years) has difficulty clearly articulating the / / in his name. He says [ ] instead of / /. An articulation assessment revealed that Rueben derhotacized / , , /. No other speech production errors were detected. Rueben has no prior history of speech, language or literacy difficulties. In light of these observations Rueben most likely has: A) phonological impairment. B) childhood dysarthria. C) childhood apraxia of speech. D) articulation impairment./ in his name. He says [Rueben (8;5 years) has difficulty clearly articulating the / / in his name. He says [ ] instead of / /. An articulation assessment revealed that Rueben derhotacized / , , /. No other speech production errors were detected. Rueben has no prior history of speech, language or literacy difficulties. In light of these observations Rueben most likely has: A) phonological impairment. B) childhood dysarthria. C) childhood apraxia of speech. D) articulation impairment.] instead of /Rueben (8;5 years) has difficulty clearly articulating the / / in his name. He says [ ] instead of / /. An articulation assessment revealed that Rueben derhotacized / , , /. No other speech production errors were detected. Rueben has no prior history of speech, language or literacy difficulties. In light of these observations Rueben most likely has: A) phonological impairment. B) childhood dysarthria. C) childhood apraxia of speech. D) articulation impairment./. An articulation assessment revealed that Rueben derhotacized /11ee98b2_5efb_931f_a6de_437abf30e255_TB9704_11, 11ee98b2_71d3_a410_a6de_9fbc6db03d2a_TB9704_11, 11ee98b2_840e_ffd1_a6de_97f1a6068f3a_TB9704_11/. No other speech production errors were detected. Rueben has no prior history of speech, language or literacy difficulties. In light of these observations Rueben most likely has:


A) phonological impairment.
B) childhood dysarthria.
C) childhood apraxia of speech.
D) articulation impairment.

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