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What type of evidence is used to analyze the evolutionary model of human cultural adaptations?


A) ethnographical and ethnological data
B) historical and descriptive linguistic data
C) optimal foraging data
D) carrying capacity data

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A

Today the Ju/'hoansi occupy lands in the


A) San People's Conservancy.
B) Botswana Conservancy.
C) Nayae Nayae Conservancy.
D) Dobe Conservancy.

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Briefly explain why foragers do not own property.

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Foragers, also known as hunter-gatherers...

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Briefly describe the division of labor among foragers.

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The division of labor among foragers, al...

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Which insect is in demand as a food and is sold commercially in Botswana?


A) Ants
B) Locusts
C) Silkworm pupae
D) Mophane caterpillers

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Describe the differences between generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity.Cite specific examples of each of these from your readings, and make comparisons with these forms of economic distribution in our society.

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Generalized reciprocity is a form of exchange where goods or services are given without the expectation of an immediate return. This type of reciprocity is often seen in close-knit communities or among family members, where there is a strong sense of trust and mutual support. An example of this can be seen in the traditional gift-giving practices of indigenous cultures, where individuals give freely to others without expecting anything in return. Balanced reciprocity, on the other hand, involves the exchange of goods or services with the expectation of a roughly equal return at some point in the future. This form of reciprocity is often seen in more formalized trading relationships, where there is an understanding that the favor will be returned in kind. An example of this can be seen in bartering systems, where individuals exchange goods or services of similar value with the expectation of receiving something of equal value in return. Negative reciprocity, in contrast, involves the exchange of goods or services with the intention of gaining more than what is given. This form of reciprocity is often associated with competitive or exploitative relationships, where one party seeks to maximize their own benefit at the expense of the other. An example of this can be seen in exploitative labor practices, where workers are paid less than the value of their labor in order to maximize profits for the employer. In our society, we can see examples of all three forms of reciprocity. Generalized reciprocity can be seen in acts of charity or volunteer work, where individuals give their time or resources without expecting anything in return. Balanced reciprocity can be seen in formalized economic exchanges, such as buying and selling goods or services with the expectation of receiving fair value in return. Negative reciprocity can be seen in exploitative labor practices, as well as in instances of fraud or theft where one party seeks to gain at the expense of another. Overall, these forms of reciprocity reflect the complex and varied nature of economic exchange in our society.

Major changes experienced by the Dobe Ju/'hoansi since the 1960s include all of the following EXCEPT


A) increases in cholesterol and high blood pressure problems.
B) they have become active in developing ecotourism.
C) they are more sedentary.
D) no one forages anymore.

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The Washo of California and Nevada exemplify which of the following foraging group?


A) patrilocal band
B) patrilocal tribe
C) nomadic tribe
D) family band

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Discuss and cite examples of three different human subsistence strategies.

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Human subsistence strategies refer to th...

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American government regulations allow this many insect fragments per 100 grams in peanut butter:


A) 0
B) 30
C) 60
D) 90

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C

Describe the technology of _________ (name group) and explain why this group's technology and food subsistence strategy would be characterized as _________ (name a type of subsistence strategy).

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Describe the technology of the Inuit and...

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The first evidence of early human subsistence strategies comes from


A) archaeological sites with Acheulean hand axes and evidence of butchering.
B) archaeological sites with Oldowan tools and stone cut marks overlying animal chew marks on bones.
C) archaeological sites with projectile points and fire hearths.
D) archaeological sites in the Mediterranean and Europe where Oldowan tools are found.

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Why, according to Chagnon, do the Yanomamo make micro moves of villages?

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According to Napoleon Chagnon, an Americ...

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A primary advantage of using the evolutionary-ecological model is that


A) it allows comparisons of cultures with similar subsistence strategies.
B) similar subsistence strategies will have similar sociocultural adaptations.
C) it allows comparisons of cultures from different parts of the world.
D) all of the above.

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In the last twenty-five years, the Dobe Ju/'hoansi have


A) maintained a foraging life style.
B) transitioned to work as farm laborers.
C) ceased to exist as a society.
D) no longer hold traditional egalitarian values.

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Foragers are organized into groups called


A) bands.
B) tribes.
C) chiefdoms.
D) hunter-gatherers.

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Low energy budgets are associated with


A) foragers.
B) horticulturalists.
C) pastoralists.
D) agriculturalists.

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Compare and contrast the environments, technologies, and subsistence strategies of two societies you have read about, learned about in lecture, or seen in a video.

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One society that can be compared and con...

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What model aims to understand how foragers gather food with the least expenditure of time, calories, and other factors?


A) neoevolutionary models
B) evolutionary-ecological models
C) functionalist models
D) optimal foraging models

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The Washo exemplify the organizational pattern known as a


A) tribe.
B) family band.
C) patrilocal band.
D) hunter-gatherer band.

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