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The sunk cost fallacy occurs when:


A) Losses hurt more than gains.
B) Gains or losses are compared to some reference point.
C) My utility function contains a bliss point.
D) I attempt to recover past costs by continuing an activity when there is a negative return.

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Transaction Utility describes the scenario in which a consumer spends too much on a good.

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"When an individual uses a comparison to aid in making a decision, we often call this a:


A) Sunk cost.
B) Fixed cost.
C) Reference point.
D) Decoupling.

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Firm A\mathrm{A} and Firm B produce a good called x\mathrm{x} and both firms have a production function given by (x)=x(x)=\sqrt{x} . It costs each firm $0.25\$ 0.25 to produce each unit of x\mathrm{x} and both firms sell a unit of x\mathrm{x} for $2\$ 2 . However, to purchase the equipment needed to produce xx , Firm A spent $2500\$ 2500 and Firm B spent $1500\$ 1500 . The equipment each firm purchased is identical. How many units of xx should each firm produce?

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Both firms should produce 16 u...

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An individual who is risk-neutral is willing to pay a flat-rate to avoid the uncertainty of a linear-pricing plan.

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Consider the following utility function, where x\mathrm{x} is the consumer good and p\mathrm{p} is the price of x\mathrm{x} . U(x,p) =x+(p10) U(x, p) =\sqrt{x}+(p-10) is an example of utility function for an individual who exhibits which type of transaction utility?


A) Sunk cost fallacy.
B) Flat-rate bias.
C) Reference-Dependent Preferences.

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I have been saving my money to buy a new car. I know that I want to buy a Prius and that it will cost about $22,000\$ 22,000 . My refrigerator has been malfunctioning too, so any left over money will go towards repairs. My utility function can be written as U(x,p,ε) =x+z(p,ε) U(x, p, \varepsilon) =x+z(p, \varepsilon) , where x=1\mathrm{x}=1 if I\mathrm{I} buy the Prius and 0 otherwise, p\mathrm{p} is the price of the Prius and ε\varepsilon is my reference point. Which of the following functions for z(p,ε) z(p, \varepsilon) best describes the scenario above?


A) z(p,ε) =(22,000p) z(p, \varepsilon) =(22,000-p) .
B) z(p,ε) =p22,000z(p, \varepsilon) =|p-22,000| .
C) z(p,e) =xpz(p, e) =|x-p| .
D) z(p,e) =(xp) 2z(p, e) =(x-p) ^{2} .

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Payment decoupling is best described as:


A) The idea that losses hurt more than gains.
B) The idea that people suffer from the cognitive costs of choosing which bundle to purchase.
C) The idea that I take sunk costs into account when making consumption decisions.
D) The idea that the payment and consumption are separated by time and do not seem as closely linked.

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Acquisition utility refers to the utility I receive from consuming a good and transaction utility is the utility I derive from feeling like I got a good deal.

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There are two local bars and I always buy the same beer at both bars. At the first bar, the music is bad and the bartender is rude. At the second bar, the music is wonderful, there are lots of friendly people, and I always enjoy myself more than when I go to the first bar. An example of context adding value to a good is:


A) I pay a dollar more for the beer at the second bar than I pay at the first bar.
B) I pay $10\$ 10 for a beer at the second bar.
C) I never go to the first bar.
D) I stop talking to the bartender at the first bar.

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Which of the following is not a procedural explanation for the flat rate bias?


A) Loss aversion.
B) Payment Decoupling.
C) Self-Control.
D) Cognitive Costs.

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