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In conducting content analysis research,ethical issues can arise from all but which of the following?


A) how we collect the data.
B) protecting the privacy of individuals/organizations.
C) analyzing the data.
D) physical harm to subjects
E) reporting the data

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Which of the following levels of measurement(s) may be employed in content analysis?


A) nominal
B) ratio
C) interval
D) ordinal
E) Any level of measurement may be employed in doing content analysis."?

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A researcher using official government documents need not be concerned about the reliability of those records.

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Units of analysis


A) are also known as units of observation.
B) are the units about which information is collected.
C) are the units from which information is collected.
D) are easy to identify.
E) are the source of analytic strategies

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If you were interested in the difference between commercials during children's and adults' TV programs,your units of observation would be _________ and your units of analysis would be _________.


A) children's and adults' TV programs; commercials attached to those programs
B) commercials attached to the programs; children's and adults' TV programs
C) all commercials; all programs
D) all programs; all commercials
E) sports programming

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A friend of yours is doing a term paper to compare the infant mortality rates in the United States,Japan,Bolivia,and Pakistan.You tell your friend that a good source to check is


A) Common Cause.
B) the Demographic Yearbook.
C) the Statistical Abstract of the United States.
D) the Gallup poll.
E) the Almanac.

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The problem of inter-rater reliability is an issue when examining manifest content.

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In which of the following analyses is content analysis LEAST likely to be useful?


A) themes in newspaper editorials
B) the wording of this exam
C) topics covered in class lectures
D) the theme of love as discussed in song
E) dating patterns among high school seniors

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After examining the FBI Crime Reports for a 30-year period,Professor Hall claimed that the incidence of rape has increased.After examining the same reports,Professor Shine claimed that the reporting of rape,not the incidence of rape,has increased.This illustrates


A) the problem of reliability in using existing statistics.
B) the problem of validity in using existing statistics.
C) the need to replicate existing statistics.
D) the ecological fallacy.
E) pre-testing.

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Sample selection depends on what the unit of analysis is.

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Rita found letters written by soldiers during the American Revolution.According to Aminzade and Laslett,which of the following questions should Rita ask about these letters?


A) Why were the letters written?
B) Who wrote the letters?
C) Did the soldiers face any constraints in writing the letters?
D) How representative are the individuals who wrote the letters?
E) All of these questions are suggested by Aminzade and Laslett.

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Which of the following is NOT a good source of existing statistics?


A) Local newspaper
B) Bureau of the Census
C) Department of Education
D) Bureau of Transportation Statistics
E) Central Intelligence Agency

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The primary ethical concern with unobtrusive research is the issue of accuracy.

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First selecting a sample of newspapers from across the country,and then sampling specific pages within them is an example of what kind of sampling?


A) cluster sampling
B) systematic random sampling
C) quota sampling
D) snowball sampling
E) PPS sampling

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The best way to address the problem of accuracy of records in historical and comparative analysis is through


A) using multiple researchers.
B) corroboration.
C) indexical reverberation.
D) verstehen.
E) re-interviewing all the sources of information

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Content analysis is a method of data collection in which some form of communication (e.g.TV programs,letters,newspaper articles etc)is studied systematically.

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Annettonio did a content analysis of students' notes in her study of differences among professors.The students' notes reflect the


A) unit of analysis.
B) unit of observation.
C) latent content.
D) manifest content.
E) independent variable

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