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Exam 8: Experiments

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Question 31

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Which of the following does NOT exemplify a natural experiment?

A) exploring the behavioral consequences on families when the breadwinner is killed on the job
B) doing a comparative analysis of families that choose to stay and those who choose to move out of an ethnically changing neighborhood to find out the underlying causes for the difference in their choices
C) determining the effects of the preferential hiring of people with disabilities on the morale of people without disabilities
D) comparing the results of standardized test scores after the school year
E) recruiting participants to watch a documentary and then measuring their opinions

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Question 32

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The problem of an interaction between the testing and the experimental stimulus is handled by

A) the Solomon four-group design.
B) the posttest-only control group design.
C) the classical experimental design.
D) the Solomon four-group design, the posttest-only control group design, and the classical experimental design.
E) the Solomon four-group design and the posttest-only control group design.

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Question 33

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Explain the elements of the classical experimental design.Is this design especially useful in dealing with causal relationships? If yes,why? If not,why not?

Without randomly assigning subjects,a researcher administers the experimental stimulus to the experimental group and then measures the dependent variable in both the experimental and comparison groups.This design is known as the

To ensure that all your participants have an equal opportunity to be in either experimental group (one receives a drug,the other group receives a placebo) ,you decide to toss a coin to determine who gets placed in which group.You have engaged in _______.

Researchers are increasingly using the World Wide Web to conduct experiments

When we are concerned that because of media coverage of violence in schools that research participants' ideas and attitudes about the topic of gun control have changed between the time we first measured them and the second time we measured them after the treatment was administered,we are dealing with the threat to internal validity known as

The experimental and control groups should be comparable on

Chip used the local yellow pages to compile a random sample of 100 small businesses to take part in his experiment about hiring decisions.He then used a quota matrix containing the variables she felt would most likely influence the decision to hire,and assigned businesses within each matrix cell alternately to the experimental and control groups.What method of assigning subjects to the experimental and control groups was used?

The greatest advantage of a controlled experiment lies in its ability to explain causality.

The tendency of subjects with extreme values to move towards the mean is statistical regression.

The Hawthorne effect most clearly demonstrates the need for

Matching is always necessary in order to perform strong experimental designs.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy experimental researchers use to designate who goes into experimental and who goes into control groups

The classical experiment includes all of the following EXCEPT

Among the requirements for the classical experimental design is a posttest measurement of the

Ryan wanted to study the effect of adult play with preschoolers on the children's noisiness.So,he went to one preschool for a week and played with the children during breaks.At the end of the week,he measured their noisiness.For comparison purposes,he found another preschool across town and measured their noisiness as well to see the effect of playing with the children.The group of preschool children who got to play with Ryan was the

In a natural experiment,the researcher does NOT manipulate the independent variable.

Sammy did an experiment on children in a classroom.He measured their social anxiety on Monday,randomly assigned half of them to be taught yoga on Wednesday,and measured their social anxiety again on Friday.Measuring the children's social anxiety on Monday is the

You were asked to participate in an experiment to test the effectiveness of review sessions on exam grades.As a research methods student,you concluded that you had been assigned to the control group because you simply took the scheduled exams.Since you did not want the students in the experimental group to get higher grades than you did on the exams,you organized a review session with other control group subjects.This illustrates