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What did progressive reformers of the cities believe were especially crucial to the success of their causes?


A) trained experts
B) bankers
C) politicians
D) basic scientists
E) mayors

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In what way was Theodore Roosevelt not conservation-minded?


A) He approved using federal land preserves in Alaska for coal mining.
B) He supported coal strip mining, which he knew damaged the environment.
C) He preserved federal lands but less so than any other president.
D) He hunted and killed big game, which, even in his time, were becoming scarce.
E) He supported the meatpacking industry's mistreatment of cows.

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Theodore Roosevelt angered southerners by________ .


A) dining with Booker T. Washington at the White House
B) stationing federal troops in southern states to supervise elections
C) threatening to ban college football unless it were made less dangerous
D) ordering the federal bureaucracy to be fully integrated
E) making sure that black athletes were included in the 1908 U.S. Olympic team

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Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom called for________ .


A) the expansion of government
B) less government regulation
C) business competition and small government
D) government restraint of competition
E) civil rights for African Americans

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City governments became more like businesses during the early 1900s because they________ .


A) became more corrupt, working for the wealthy and crushing the masses with unfair housing, tax, and employment laws
B) became more supportive of the masses, creating health, housing, and employment programs to help the poor
C) became balanced by competitive political parties and special interest groups, just as big businesses were balanced by unions versus management
D) created systems of managers (elected officials) supported by experts, stressing continuity, efficiency, and results
E) became so embroiled in bureaucracy and regulations that they could not function properly

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The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution provided for________ .


A) women's suffrage
B) prohibition
C) a federal income tax
D) direct election of senators
E) extending the franchise to 18-year-olds

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How did Theodore Roosevelt distinguish a "good" trust from a "bad" trust?


A) A good trust stayed within reasonable bounds, whereas a bad trust hurt the general welfare of society.
B) A good trust donated money to Roosevelt's campaign, whereas bad trusts did not.
C) A good trust was well-organized and efficient, whereas a bad trust was cumbersome and inefficient.
D) A good trust employed the masses (immigrants, women, the poor, African Americans) ; a bad trust only employed white males.
E) A good trust developed products that contributed to society; a bad trust worked in mergers and acquisitions and did not produce any actual products.

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Why did Republican party disputes erupt when Taft took office?


A) Taft began to side with conservative Republicans, emphasizing the differences between them and the Democrats.
B) Roosevelt's forceful personality had concealed or managed the conflicts, but when he left office, the conflicts reemerged.
C) Just before leaving office, Roosevelt had sown seeds of discontent with his conservation, employment, and education reforms.
D) Taft was an unlikable man who quickly created resentment from voters, even those who were in his own political party.
E) Taft was so strong-willed and opinionated that he alienated even members of his own party.

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How did progressive attitudes affect the size of government during the Progressive Era?


A) Progressives believed that local government could best conduct social reforms and supported agencies of experts, so small state and local governments grew.
B) Progressives believed that the federal government could best conduct social reforms and supported agencies of experts, so the national government grew.
C) All governments shrank because progressives believed that charities could best conduct social reforms and opposed agencies of experts.
D) Small state and local governments grew because progressives believed that most voters were too uneducated to understand national issues.
E) Progressives believed in the wisdom of the general masses, so all governments shrank while agencies run by nonpoliticians grew.

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What role did President Theodore Roosevelt play in the great coal strike of 1902?


A) He played no role at all in settling the dispute.
B) He sympathized completely with the company owners.
C) He decided to support the Pure Food and Drug Act.
D) He essentially decided to support the coal miners.
E) He shut down the mines for two months.

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In the Brownsville incident, Roosevelt________ .


A) demonstrated disrespect for African Americans and their service in war by dismissing the soldiers without investigating the incident
B) exhibited his bias for military personnel when he ruled in favor of the soldiers without investigating their conduct
C) showed that holding to his beliefs was more important to him than reelection
D) revealed that he was a true pragmatist, able to live in a world with no easy answers, when he dismissed loyal soldiers from the army
E) demonstrated his progressive spirit by seeking the most efficient and systematic removal of the involved soldiers

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Compared to Roosevelt, William Howard Taft________ .


A) was an activist
B) had less faith in the government's ability to impose reform
C) did not act as aggressively against the trusts
D) had fewer real problems to confront
E) was a more dynamic politician

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The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution provided for________ .


A) women's suffrage
B) prohibition
C) a federal income tax
D) direct election of senators
E) extending the franchise to 18-year-olds

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Why were businessmen, such as J. P. Morgan, glad to see Roosevelt leave the United States after his White House years?


A) Like him, they believed in America's involvement in World War I.
B) They were tired of his meddling in big business.
C) They hoped he would open new markets for their products in Africa and Europe.
D) They wanted to build support for a different presidential candidate.
E) Like him, they believed in securing more land in the Pacific.

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