Exam 14: Dna Replication, Damage and Repair

A) deamination of cytosine to uracil
B) oxidation of guanine to 8-oxoguanine
C) formation of thymine dimers by reaction with UV light
D) reaction with hydroxyl radicals causing DNA strand breaks
E) all of the above

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A) prevent supercoiling
B) protect single strand DNA backbone from nucleases
C) aid in the formation of hairpin structures
D) aid DNA polymerase with DNA binding
E) all of the above

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A) telomerase; helicase
B) telomerase; reverse transcriptase
C) ribonuclease; RNA-specific nuclease
D) ribotelomerase; ligase
E) none of the above

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A) are also termed retrotransposons
B) are single stranded DNA segments
C) are "cut and pasted"
D) rely on transposases, enzymes that convert cDNA to double stranded DNA prior to
Insertion
E) none of the above is correct

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A) gyrase to assist with clamp loading
B) ligase to ligate Okazaki fragments
C) flap endonuclease-1 or RNase H to remove primers
D) DNA pol III
E) none of the above

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A) thousand genes
B) million genes
C) million base pairs
D) billion base pairs
E) none of the above is correct

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A) recognize and bind to mismatches
B) cleaves the newly synthesized strand at the site of a mismatch
C) recognizes and binds to alkylated bases
D) both (A) and (B) are correct
E) all of the above

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A) forward strand
B) reverse strand
C) leading strand
D) lagging strand
E) the strand that is read in a 5'to 3' direction

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A) It ensures that DNA is replicated only once during a single cell cycle
B) It is "canceled" during the S phase of the cell cycle
C) It "primes" the origins of replication to bind the replisome
D) It is important in prokaryotes
E) It is regulated by the cyclin signaling proteins

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A) UV light
B) nitrosamines
C) reactive radicals
D) topoisomerase inhibitors
E) viruses

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A) It assists the replisome by holding the polymerase to the template strand
B) It increases the processivity of polymerase I
C) It associates with Replication factor C (RFC)
D) none of the above is not true

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A) helicase: creates single strand DNA
B) primase: production of an RNA primer for DNA polymerase
C) RNase H: removal of RNA primer
D) DNA ligase: joins the discontinuous segments on the lagging strand
E) all of the above

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A) proteins needed to initiate replication
B) licensing of sites of origins of replication
C) how histones are removed for access to template strands
D) the proteins involved in the replication process
E) all of the above

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A) They slip between bases of DNA
B) They are generally planar molecules, due to their fused-ring structures
C) They are hydrophobic
D) They interact with DNA through weak, non-covalent interactions
E) They can be resolved by nucleotide excision repair

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A) they would be replicated just like the rest of the chromosome
B) they would be mutated
C) they would be lengthened
D) they would be shortened
E) none of the above

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