Question 1

The North American maggot fly diverged into two species because some individuals fed on apples rather than hawthorn trees. Apple fruit mature more quickly than hawthorn fruit, therefore maggot flies that fed on apples also developed more quickly. Pea aphids can feed on alfalfa or red clover; some aphids have higher fitness when eating clover others when eating alfalfa. Host preference can eventually lead to speciation because

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic differences develop.
B)   lower fitness may result from choosing the wrong host.
C)   temporal isolation may occur.
D)   anagenesis may occur.
E)   genetic differences develop, higher fitness and temporal isolation may occur.

Question 2

A species of trilobite was found in the fossil record. At its first appearance, it is similar to an ancestor species but differs from the ancestor in several key characteristics. It seems to change little over several million years, then is extinct. This illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   punctuated equilibrium.
B)   gradualism.
C)   developmental evolution.
D)   anagenesis.
E)   evo-devo.

Question 3

A storm blows a small group of migrating birds off course and they land on an island too far from the mainland for them to fly back on course. The birds remain on the island for 100 generations when a second storm blows more birds from the mainland to the island. The new birds cannot mate with the established birds, even though they are originally from the same population. What has occurred to bring about this specialtion?

Accepted Answer

A)   Genetic drift.
B)   Doubling of chromosome number in the mainland birds.
C)   Geographical isolation resulting in reproductive isolation.
D)   Development of a reproductive isolating mechanism dealing with sperm count.
E)   All of these.

Question 4

Which of the following genes is correctly matched with its function?

Accepted Answer

A)   The Hox genes illustrate evolution of neural pathways.
B)   The BMP4 gene illustrates evolution of lungs for breathing air.
C)   The gremlin gene illustrates the evolution of the inner ear mechanism.
D)   The Pax6 gene illustrates the evolution of complex organs such as the eye.
E)   The gremlin gene along with the Pax6 gene code for development of the eye.

Question 5

Podos measured beak depth and correlated this with finches songs. Using the figure above, which species of finch had the largest beak depth value and a vocal constraint between 2 and 3?

Accepted Answer

A)   G. magnirostris
B)   C. psittacula
C)   G. fortis
D)   G. scandens and C. pallidus
E)   C. olivacea

Question 6

Paedomorphosis is

Accepted Answer

A)   the formation of limbs from fins in the evolution of land vertebrates.
B)   the change from radial to bilateral symmetry in the evolution of plants and animals.
C)   the retention of juvenile traits in an adult organism.
D)   an earlier development of adult traits in an organism.
E)   the development of different types of eyes from a simpler form.

Question 7

The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an amphibian that has a derived mode of development characterized by metamorphic failure. This mode of development results in an entirely aquatic life cycle in which the animal never develops a terrestrial phase. This is an example of paedomorphosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Look at the chromosomes above and determine how many group(s)  of Hox genes are associated with body types for each type of animal. These associations are based on anterior, group 3, central and  posterior body development.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mammals: 4 groups; Flatworms: 4 groups; Sponge: 2 groups; Anemones: 1 group.
B)   Mammals: 4 groups; Flatworms: 4 groups; Sponge: 1 groups; Anemones: 2 group.
C)   Mammals: 11 groups; Flatworms: 4 groups; Sponge: 1 groups; Anemones: 4 groups.
D)   Mammals: 27 groups; Flatworms: 4 groups; Sponge: 2 groups; Anemones: 1 group.
E)   All animals must have at least 2 groups because all animals have a posterior and anterior end.

Question 9

A frog and a toad mate. The frog drops it's sperm onto the toad's eggs as they are being laid, no offspring develop because the sperm cannot fertilize egg. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   mechanical isolation.
B)   temporal isolation.
C)   habitat isolation.
D)   behavioral isolation.
E)   gametic isolation.

Question 10

If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a prezygotic mechanism.
B)   hybrid inviability.
C)   hybrid sterility.
D)   hybrid breakdown.
E)   spermatic behavior.

Question 11

Species are identified based on a unique combination of physical or molecular characteristics under the

Accepted Answer

A)   phylogenetic species concept.
B)   biological species concept.
C)   evolutionary species concept.
D)   ecological species concept.
E)   general lineage concept.

Question 12

The figure above is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   punctuated equlibrium.
B)   anogenesis.
C)   gradualism.
D)   speciation based on sexual selection.
E)   anogenesis and speciation based on sexual selection.

Question 13

The Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens)  and Southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia)  are morphologically similar, but they do not mate. They sound very different when calling for a mate. Which mechanism may explain why these frogs are listed as separate species?

Accepted Answer

A)   the inability to interbreed because of morphological differences.
B)   the difference in bone structure and skin color of the organisms.
C)   DNA sequences of particular genes.
D)   the habitat of the organisms.
E)   both the DNA sequences of particular genes and the inability to produce viable offspring.

Question 14

The Pax6 gene is considered a master gene because

Accepted Answer

A)   it was the first gene developed that resulted in a protein for sight.
B)   it controls the development of all the homologues that have to do with light refraction in the eye.
C)   the primitive eye developed into the complex eye.
D)   the gene encodes for development of ommitidia which combine to make the simple eye.
E)   the protein encoded by the Pax6 gene is a transcription factor that controls the expression of many other genes needed for eye development.

Question 15

A liger is a result from a male lion and a female tiger. Male ligers are usually sterile. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a prezygotic mechanism.
B)   hybrid inviability.
C)   hybrid sterility.
D)   hybrid breakdown.
E)   a prezygotic mechanism and hybrid sterility are correct.

Exam 25: Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Look at the chromosomes above and determine how many group(s) of Hox genes are associated with body types for each type of animal. These associations are based on anterior, group 3, central and posterior body development.

Correct Answer
verified

If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Paedomorphosis is

Correct Answer
verified

The figure above is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

A liger is a result from a male lion and a female tiger. Male ligers are usually sterile. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

The Pax6 gene is considered a master gene because

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A species of trilobite was found in the fossil record. At its first appearance, it is similar to an ancestor species but differs from the ancestor in several key characteristics. It seems to change little over several million years, then is extinct. This illustrates the concept of

Correct Answer
verified

A frog and a toad mate. The frog drops it's sperm onto the toad's eggs as they are being laid, no offspring develop because the sperm cannot fertilize egg. This is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following genes is correctly matched with its function?

Correct Answer
verified

Species are identified based on a unique combination of physical or molecular characteristics under the

Correct Answer
verified

Podos measured beak depth and correlated this with finches songs. Using the figure above, which species of finch had the largest beak depth value and a vocal constraint between 2 and 3?

Correct Answer
verified

The Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and Southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia) are morphologically similar, but they do not mate. They sound very different when calling for a mate. Which mechanism may explain why these frogs are listed as separate species?

Correct Answer
verified

The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an amphibian that has a derived mode of development characterized by metamorphic failure. This mode of development results in an entirely aquatic life cycle in which the animal never develops a terrestrial phase. This is an example of paedomorphosis.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 25: Origin of Species and Macroevolution

Look at the chromosomes above and determine how many group(s) of Hox genes are associated with body types for each type of animal. These associations are based on anterior, group 3, central and posterior body development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If goats are crossed with sheep, embryos will form but cease development and spontaneously abort. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paedomorphosis is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The figure above is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A liger is a result from a male lion and a female tiger. Male ligers are usually sterile. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Pax6 gene is considered a master gene because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A species of trilobite was found in the fossil record. At its first appearance, it is similar to an ancestor species but differs from the ancestor in several key characteristics. It seems to change little over several million years, then is extinct. This illustrates the concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A frog and a toad mate. The frog drops it's sperm onto the toad's eggs as they are being laid, no offspring develop because the sperm cannot fertilize egg. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following genes is correctly matched with its function?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Species are identified based on a unique combination of physical or molecular characteristics under the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Podos measured beak depth and correlated this with finches songs. Using the figure above, which species of finch had the largest beak depth value and a vocal constraint between 2 and 3?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and Southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia) are morphologically similar, but they do not mate. They sound very different when calling for a mate. Which mechanism may explain why these frogs are listed as separate species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an amphibian that has a derived mode of development characterized by metamorphic failure. This mode of development results in an entirely aquatic life cycle in which the animal never develops a terrestrial phase. This is an example of paedomorphosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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