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Exam 1: Introduction to Psychology

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Question 1

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Structures or features that perform a function that did not arise through natural selection are often called ________.

A) adaptations
B) by-products
C) chance mutations
D) habits

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Question 2

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Which of the following subdisciplines of psychology attempts to understand special populations of students, such as the academically gifted and those with special needs?

A) Cognitive psychology
B) Health psychology
C) Counseling psychology
D) Educational psychology

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Question 3

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_________ proposes that psychology can be a science only if it examines observable behavior, and not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives.

Helen Mayberg stumbled on a surprising and counterintuitive discovery that ________.

Which of the following questions is most likely to be answered by a personality psychologist?

Spontaneous changes in genes that can alter the design of a structure or a set of behaviors are called ________.

In the context of psychological perspectives, which of the following is the key in natural selection?

_________ conducted some of the earliest research in perception and laid the groundwork for what later became known as psychophysics.

According to the nurture-only view, we are all essentially the same at birth and we are the product of our ________.

Who among the following coined the term "psychophysics"?

Which of the following is most likely to be the focus of educational psychology?

In the context of psychological perspectives, which of the following is an assumption made by the humanistic-positive perspective?

In the context of the subdisciplines of psychology, a researcher who is studying how people visualize objects in their minds is most likely studying ________.

In medieval Europe from approximately 400 to 1400 CE (Common Era) , psychological disorders were attributed to ________.

The organizational side of industrial/organizational psychology ________.

________ helps us understand people through storytelling, character exploration, development of setting, and use of imagery.

Psychologists use a standardized reference when diagnosing psychological disorders called ________.

Early humans, as hunter-gatherers, did not know when they would find food. If they found fat, they ate it, because fat could be stored in the body and used later when food might be scarce. For this reason, humans evolved to like fat. Human cravings have not changed much, even though our environments have. So, our preference for fatty foods can be attributed to ________.

Which of the following fields is considered a "parent" of the discipline of scientific psychology?

A person was accused of a crime. The accused's lawyer pleaded that his client was mentally incompetent to stand trial. The court appointed George to legally evaluate and confirm this claim. In this scenario, George is most likely a