Question 1

A test maker wants to show that scores on her new measure of schizophrenia are correlated with professional psychologists' ratings of schizophrenia. She is interested in establishing

Accepted Answer

A)   face validity.
B)   congruent validity.
C)   discriminant validity.
D)   behavioral validation.

Question 2

A reliable test

Accepted Answer

A)   measures what it was designed to measure.
B)   measures what it measures consistently.
C)   has good validity.
D)   measures many different concepts at once.

Question 3

Jessica is conducting a study of the personality of eighth-graders with high achievement motivation. She discovers from statistical analysis that her test's items are measuring more than one concept. You might tell Jessica that she has a problem with

Accepted Answer

A)   internal consistency.
B)   reliability.
C)   statistical significance.
D)   predictive validity.

Question 4

Among the disadvantages of the case study method is

Accepted Answer

A)   the problem of replicating a treatment.
B)   the difficulty with determining relationships among variables.
C)   the difficulty of examining certain concepts experimentally.
D)   the possibility of subjective judgments.

Question 5

A subject variable, which is a characteristic of research participants, is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)   a hypothesis.
B)   a manipulated independent variable.
C)   a nonmanipulated independent variable.
D)   a personality assessment.

Question 6

A statistically significant finding can sometimes be the result of chance fluctuation. This concern can be eased by

Accepted Answer

A)   replication.
B)   using case studies.
C)   making predictions before seeing the data.
D)   using manipulated independent variables. A

Question 7

Most personality research begins with an assessment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is true about reliability?

Accepted Answer

A)   Through statistical analyses, a test can be determined to be either reliable or not.
B)   A test does not need reliability if it has good face validity.
C)   If a test has reliability, it also has validity.
D)   A test's reliability is shown by how well the test items correlate with each other.

Question 9

Tony found in his study of introversion that the more introverted subjects in his sample had fewer problems at work. Tony has found evidence for a

Accepted Answer

A)   cause of work-related satisfaction.
B)   statistically significant positive correlation.
C)   statistically significant negative correlation.
D)   a nonmanipulated independent variable.

Question 10

Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect when they conduct research using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Correlation coefficients
B)   Manipulated independent variables
C)   Nonmanipulated independent variables
D)   Case studies

Question 11

To obtain an interaction in your research findings, you would need more than one

Accepted Answer

A)   independent variable.
B)   dependent variable.
C)   hypothesis.
D)   statistical test.

Question 12

A psychologist is working with a patient who suffers from a very rare disorder. Which type of research is the psychologist likely to use?

Accepted Answer

A)   Laboratory research
B)   Survey research
C)   Case study
D)   Replication C

Question 13

Which of the following is true about replication in experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)   We often use different experimental methods to reach different conclusions.
B)   We deal with the problem of prediction versus hindsight by replicating the results of original research.
C)   We often use participant populations different from those used in the original research.
D)   We tend to explain effect after the data are in.

Question 14

A psychologist developed a new measure of "stage fright." He gave the test to 30 students and divided them into those scoring high and those scoring low. Next, he watched the students for signs of anxiety just before each was to give a talk in front of a class. What was the psychologist trying to establish by watching the students before their talk?

Accepted Answer

A)   Internal consistency
B)   Behavioral validation
C)   Discriminant validity
D)   Test?retest reliability

Question 15

A researcher finds that males make fewer errors than females when working in a competitive situation. However, women make fewer errors than men when working in a cooperative situation. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   a confound.
B)   two manipulated independent variables.
C)   an interaction.
D)   a failure to replicate.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient indicating the strongest relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)   -.62
B)   .00
C)   .89
D)   -.05

Question 17

According to the "law of parsimony,"

Accepted Answer

A)   a good theory generates a large number of hypotheses.
B)   the best theory is the one that explains a phenomenon with the fewest constructs.
C)   hypotheses are generated from theories.
D)   theories should require as few studies as possible to support them. B

Question 18

A psychologist gives a group of participants 20 personality tests. He looks at the correlations between each test and each of the other 19 (a total of 180 correlation coefficients) . He finds two correlations that are statistically significant-that is, that his statistical tests tell him would not occur more than five times out of 100. What should the psychologist conclude from his study?

Accepted Answer

A)   The two statistically significant correlations probably represent "real" relationships.
B)   The tests he used probably were not valid.
C)   The two statistically significant correlations might very well be chance findings.
D)   The tests he used may not be reliable.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true about theories in personality psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)   A good theory generates testable hypotheses.
B)   A theory is a statement about the relationship between constructs or events.
C)   The best theory is the one that explains a phenomenon with the fewest constructs.
D)   all of the above

Question 20

Typically, a case study

Accepted Answer

A)   has no comparison group.
B)   is of little interest to personality theorists.
C)   reports a large amount of numerical data.
D)   allows researchers to draw strong conclusions about cause and effect.

Exam 2: Personality Research Methods

A test maker wants to show that scores on her new measure of schizophrenia are correlated with professional psychologists' ratings of schizophrenia. She is interested in establishing

Correct Answer
verified

A reliable test

Correct Answer
verified

Jessica is conducting a study of the personality of eighth-graders with high achievement motivation. She discovers from statistical analysis that her test's items are measuring more than one concept. You might tell Jessica that she has a problem with

Correct Answer
verified

Among the disadvantages of the case study method is

Correct Answer
verified

A subject variable, which is a characteristic of research participants, is also known as

Correct Answer
verified

A statistically significant finding can sometimes be the result of chance fluctuation. This concern can be eased by

Correct Answer
verified
A

Most personality research begins with an assessment.

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is true about reliability?

Correct Answer
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Tony found in his study of introversion that the more introverted subjects in his sample had fewer problems at work. Tony has found evidence for a

Correct Answer
verified

Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect when they conduct research using which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

To obtain an interaction in your research findings, you would need more than one

Correct Answer
verified

A psychologist is working with a patient who suffers from a very rare disorder. Which type of research is the psychologist likely to use?

Correct Answer
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C

Which of the following is true about replication in experimental research?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A researcher finds that males make fewer errors than females when working in a competitive situation. However, women make fewer errors than men when working in a cooperative situation. This is an example of

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is the correlation coefficient indicating the strongest relationship?

Correct Answer
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According to the "law of parsimony,"

Correct Answer
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B

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Which of the following statements is true about theories in personality psychology?

Correct Answer
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Typically, a case study

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Exam 2: Personality Research Methods

A test maker wants to show that scores on her new measure of schizophrenia are correlated with professional psychologists' ratings of schizophrenia. She is interested in establishing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A reliable test

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jessica is conducting a study of the personality of eighth-graders with high achievement motivation. She discovers from statistical analysis that her test's items are measuring more than one concept. You might tell Jessica that she has a problem with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among the disadvantages of the case study method is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A subject variable, which is a characteristic of research participants, is also known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A statistically significant finding can sometimes be the result of chance fluctuation. This concern can be eased by

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Most personality research begins with an assessment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true about reliability?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tony found in his study of introversion that the more introverted subjects in his sample had fewer problems at work. Tony has found evidence for a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect when they conduct research using which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To obtain an interaction in your research findings, you would need more than one

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychologist is working with a patient who suffers from a very rare disorder. Which type of research is the psychologist likely to use?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Which of the following is true about replication in experimental research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher finds that males make fewer errors than females when working in a competitive situation. However, women make fewer errors than men when working in a cooperative situation. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient indicating the strongest relationship?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the "law of parsimony,"

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about theories in personality psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Typically, a case study

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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C

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B

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