Question 1

What did Lewis Henry Morgan do that was an exception in the field of anthropology at that time?

Accepted Answer

A)   He conducted a restudy of the Trobriand Islands.
B)   Morgan researched social life among the Nuer of Africa.
C)   He and his team studied the effects of colonialism in Puerto Rico.
D)   Morgan became an expert on Native Americans.

Question 2

How does the problem of organ trafficking from the poor in Brazil, as documented by Scheper-Hughes's work, mirror the plight of poor people in different countries where she has not worked?

Accepted Answer

A)   The poor are a vulnerable population to whom anything can be done.
B)   The poor are a reliable source of organs.
C)   The poor have many children, and are thus a rich resource.
D)   The poor do not draw the attention of the local authorities.

Question 3

Define zeros and explain their significance for ethnographers.

Accepted Answer

Zeros are the elements of a story or pic...

Question 4

One of the changes in ethnographic work that has occurred in the twenty-first century has to do with the degree to which native voices are considered. How has this changed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Native voices are used a bit less today.
B)   The inclusion of native voices has increased.
C)   The inclusion of and emphasis on native voices has remained about the same.
D)   Today, native voices are used exclusively.

Question 5

What was Nancy Scheper-Hughes's role in Alto do Cruzeiro when she first arrived there?

Accepted Answer

A)   social science research assistant
B)   part of Doctors without Borders
C)   physician's assistant
D)   Peace Corps volunteer

Question 6

One recent development in ethnography includes a kind of "full disclosure," in which anthropologists can discuss the length of fieldwork and their relationships with their research subjects. This is seen as valuable because it:

Accepted Answer

A)   maintains a level of impersonal reflection.
B)   helps ensure ethnographic loyalty from informants.
C)   is how an ethnographer builds the personal framework.
D)   clarifies the nature of ethnographic authority.

Question 7

How did Annette Weiner, a feminist anthropologist, challenge preexisting theories in anthropology?

Accepted Answer

A)   Weiner conducted a restudy of the Trobriand Islands and drew new conclusions about gender roles.
B)   She rewrote the ethnographies of Evans-Pritchard's work on the Nuer of Africa.
C)   Weiner established reflexivity as a key part of ethnography through her work in Puerto Rico.
D)   She closely reexamined sexuality in Samoa and expanded the role of women in that study.

Question 8

Evaluate the merits of the long-term participant observation advocated by Bronislaw Malinowski relative to merits of the methods of "armchair" anthropology, discussing both these concepts in the context of today's social media networks and the Internet as avenues for conducting research.

Accepted Answer

Students should define each term and pro...

Question 9

How did early twentieth-century anthropology differ from the anthropology practiced in nineteenth-century Europe?

Accepted Answer

A)   Twentieth-century anthropologists' research focused on kinship and religion, whereas nineteenth-century anthropologists were more interested in economics and politics.
B)   Whereas twentieth-century anthropologists took a four-field approach to understanding culture, nineteenth-century anthropologists were mostly interested in material culture.
C)   Nineteenth-century anthropologists were mostly interested in present-day cultures as they existed, but twentieth-century anthropologists were interested in the processes by which cultures changed.
D)   Nineteenth-century anthropologists conducted long-term fieldwork, but twentieth-century anthropologists tended to rely on explorers' accounts.

Question 10

What are the core moral and ethical concerns of anthropological research? Why are they necessary?

Accepted Answer

The core of the American Anthropological...

Question 11

Discuss Horace Miner's article "Body Rituals among the Nacirema." What is the subject of the ethnography? What was Miner's purpose in writing it, and how did he approach his subject?

Accepted Answer

Horace Miner's "Body Rituals among the N...

Question 12

What did Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942)  encourage fellow anthropologists to do in his guidelines?

Accepted Answer

A)   Clearly document the kinship system of the people being studied.
B)   Take time to learn the local language of the people being studied.
C)   Carefully document the geographical setting of the people being studied.
D)   Conduct in-depth analysis of a culture from an armchair.

Question 13

What is the necessary starting point for all anthropologists conducting fieldwork, as demonstrated in the heartbreaking stories recounted by Nancy Scheper-Hughes?

Accepted Answer

A)   trends
B)   space
C)   people
D)   records

Question 14

The roots of cultural anthropology and ethnographic fieldwork lie in:

Accepted Answer

A)   early biological models.
B)   modern philosophical debates.
C)   turn-of-the-century demographic trends.
D)   late nineteenth-century globalization.

Question 15

An anthropologist conducts ethnographic research on the lives of illegal immigrant families. How might the anthropologist justify publishing intimate and potentially incriminating details about the subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)   All of the poor must be given an equal voice, and publishing ethnographic research is the most useful way to accomplish this.
B)   The researcher obtained informed consent and ensured the anonymity of the subjects.
C)   The anthropologist must publish the results to help stop illegal immigration.
D)   The anthropologist will violate the "do no harm" mandate unless the research is published.

Question 16

Ethnographers must work to establish trust and friendship with their research subjects, and often build rapport. This gives them a(n)  ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   reflexive perspective
B)   clear sense of who holds power
C)   understanding of local values
D)   opportunity to become an insider

Question 17

E. E. Evans-Pritchard's approach to anthropology has been criticized for being ahistorical. What was one of the major shortcomings of his work?

Accepted Answer

A)   The people he studied were part of a larger preexisting colonial system.
B)   He had a tendency to conduct experiments on people while in the field.
C)   He failed to consider the impact of his work on the tribes he studied.
D)   He lacked understanding about the forces of evolution.

Question 18

One way that anthropologists make an effort to protect informants' anonymity is by:

Accepted Answer

A)   anonymizing names in publications, but continuing to use subjects' real names in research notes.
B)   using the real names of communities, but not those of the people living there.
C)   altering details when writing about sensitive topics within a community.
D)   referring to individuals in both research notes and publications using secret codes.

Question 19

What is fundamental to all research conducted by contemporary cultural anthropologists?

Accepted Answer

A)   participant observation
B)   archival research
C)   engaged anthropology
D)   synchronic study

Question 20

What is one of the personal obstacles that ethnographers will likely need to overcome while conducting long-term fieldwork?

Accepted Answer

A)   gaining access to observe everyday life and practices
B)   establishing close rapport with community members
C)   gaining a perspective on complex systems of power and meaning
D)   stepping back from ethnocentric attitudes about cultural superiority

Exam 3: Fieldwork and Ethnography

Define zeros and explain their significance for ethnographers.

Correct AnswerverifiedZeros are the elements of a story or pic...View AnswerShow Answer

What is fundamental to all research conducted by contemporary cultural anthropologists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did Lewis Henry Morgan do that was an exception in the field of anthropology at that time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the necessary starting point for all anthropologists conducting fieldwork, as demonstrated in the heartbreaking stories recounted by Nancy Scheper-Hughes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One recent development in ethnography includes a kind of "full disclosure," in which anthropologists can discuss the length of fieldwork and their relationships with their research subjects. This is seen as valuable because it:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one of the personal obstacles that ethnographers will likely need to overcome while conducting long-term fieldwork?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The roots of cultural anthropology and ethnographic fieldwork lie in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ethnographers must work to establish trust and friendship with their research subjects, and often build rapport. This gives them a(n) ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

E. E. Evans-Pritchard's approach to anthropology has been criticized for being ahistorical. What was one of the major shortcomings of his work?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did Annette Weiner, a feminist anthropologist, challenge preexisting theories in anthropology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss Horace Miner's article "Body Rituals among the Nacirema." What is the subject of the ethnography? What was Miner's purpose in writing it, and how did he approach his subject?

Correct AnswerverifiedHorace Miner's "Body Rituals among the N...View AnswerShow Answer

Evaluate the merits of the long-term participant observation advocated by Bronislaw Malinowski relative to merits of the methods of "armchair" anthropology, discussing both these concepts in the context of today's social media networks and the Internet as avenues for conducting research.

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents should define each term and pro...View AnswerShow Answer

What did Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942) encourage fellow anthropologists to do in his guidelines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An anthropologist conducts ethnographic research on the lives of illegal immigrant families. How might the anthropologist justify publishing intimate and potentially incriminating details about the subjects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the core moral and ethical concerns of anthropological research? Why are they necessary?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe core of the American Anthropological...View AnswerShow Answer

How does the problem of organ trafficking from the poor in Brazil, as documented by Scheper-Hughes's work, mirror the plight of poor people in different countries where she has not worked?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did early twentieth-century anthropology differ from the anthropology practiced in nineteenth-century Europe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was Nancy Scheper-Hughes's role in Alto do Cruzeiro when she first arrived there?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the changes in ethnographic work that has occurred in the twenty-first century has to do with the degree to which native voices are considered. How has this changed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One way that anthropologists make an effort to protect informants' anonymity is by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Zeros are the elements of a story or pic...
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Horace Miner's "Body Rituals among the N...
View Answer

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Students should define each term and pro...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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The core of the American Anthropological...
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