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Exam 8: Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

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Question 51

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The multiple thin, branched structures on a neuron whose main function is to receive incoming signals are the

A) cell bodies.
B) axons.
C) dendrites.
D) somata.
E) None of the answers are correct.

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Question 52

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The time during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation regardless of the stimulus strength is the ________.

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Question 53

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Learning and memory are thought to be due to a synaptic phenomenon known as

The sum of all of the electrical and chemical forces active across the membrane is known as the ________.

The point during an action potential when the inside of the cell has become more positive than the outside is known as the

For ________ to occur, a second potential must arrive before a previous one has been completed.

Draw graphs showing the effect on action potentials in a cell following effective doses of each of the listed neurotoxins.Assume that the cell is normally brought to threshold by an electrical stimulus applied to it, so that any abnormality is due to the toxin.Precise values for voltage and duration are not important, just a general trend in how the action potential may be different from normal. 1.puffer fish poison (blocks voltage-gated sodium channel activation) 2.tetraethylammonium (blocks voltage-gated potassium channels) 3.ouabain (blocks sodium-potassium pumps) 4.sea anemone toxin (blocks voltage-gated sodium channel inactivation)

The all-or-none principle states that

Conduction occurs along an axon because

"A refractory period occurs following all types of potentials." Is this statement True or False? What structures are actually refractory? Why or why not?

All of the following must occur before a second action potential can begin, EXCEPT

The site of information integration in the nervous system is the

Create diagrams (of the cells)and graphs (of the potentials)to illustrate the two different situations described below in a multipolar neuron with a threshold voltage of 15 mV above resting potential.In each, indicate decrement of graded potentials (by drawing the same GP at different points as it spreads along the neuron), as well as summation. Situation 1: There are three simultaneously active synapses on the multipolar neuron, two producing EPSPs and one an IPSP.At least one of the EPSPs is larger than 15 mV at the synapse.The neuron does NOT generate an action potential. Situation 2: There are two simultaneously active synapses, one producing an EPSP and the other an IPSP.The neuron generates an action potential.

Interneurons are found

Draw graphs showing the effects of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia on action potential production.Don't worry about exact millivolt values - the point is to show that you understand the effects of these conditions relative to normal.

An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once) . -location of voltage-gated ion channels

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once) . -cells that myelinate several axons

These glial cells act as scavengers.

Explain the roles that the AMPA and NMDA receptors play in long-term potentiation.