Question 1

"Many people are so sympathetically constituted that without any motive of vanity or selfishness they find an inner satisfaction in spreading joy and take delight in the contentment of others if they have made it possible." According to Kant, such behavior as described in this passage

Accepted Answer

A)   has no true moral worth.
B)   may or may not have any moral worth.
C)   has imperfect moral worth.
D)   has the highest moral worth.

Question 2

The basic idea behind Kant's humanity formula is that human beings, unlike things, are owed

Accepted Answer

A)   praise.
B)   grace.
C)   respect.
D)   equality.

Question 3

Act utilitarians have criticized rule utilitarians for

Accepted Answer

A)   overgeneralizing from particular actions.
B)   discounting personal, subjective pleasures.
C)   rule worship.
D)   All of the above

Question 4

Act consequentialists have responded to the difficulty/impossibility of determining the proper action to take under their theory by pointing out that

Accepted Answer

A)   any ethicist who promises an easy-to-follow recipe for making big decisions is to be regarded with suspicion.
B)   any ethicist who claims he has the answers to all the problems with his theory is lying.
C)   no ethical theory can accomplish what is being asked of their theory.
D)   the world is complicated!

Question 5

Which of the following objection(s)  has been raised against act utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

A)   It cannot account for the different opinions people have regarding pleasure and pain.
B)   It cannot account for the duties that we have to people who are close to us such as relatives, friends, and compatriots.
C)   It cannot measure pleasure and pain objectively.
D)   All of the above

Question 6

Rule consequentialism argues that one ought to always

Accepted Answer

A)   obey that system of rules which-if generally accepted and followed-would produce the best consequences.
B)   do that action that will maximize the aggregate good.
C)   obey that system of rules which- if generally accepted and followed-would maximize aggregate utility.
D)   do that action that will maximize the aggregate utility.

Question 7

__________ wrote, "But if someone really thinks, in advance, that it is open to question whether such an action as procuring the judicial execution of the innocent should be quite excluded from consideration-I do not want to argue with him; he shows a corrupt mind."

Accepted Answer

A)   J. S. Mill
B)   Jeremy Bentham
C)   Peter Singer
D)   Elizabeth Anscombe

Question 8

Explain Kant's argument for his universalization test as well as an objection against it.

Accepted Answer

Immanuel Kant's universalization test is...

Question 9

The English philosopher Jeremy Bentham was an early proponent of

Accepted Answer

A)   act consequentialism.
B)   act utilitarian.
C)   rule consequentialism.
D)   rule utilitarianism.

Question 10

Rule utilitarianism is a combination of

Accepted Answer

A)   act consequentialism and rules.
B)   rule consequentialism and hedonism.
C)   hedonism and act consequentialism.
D)   rules and hedonism.

Question 11

Kant calls the capacity for choosing goals and rationally pursuing them

Accepted Answer

A)   purposiveness.
B)   teleology.
C)   rationality.
D)   humanity.

Question 12

Which of the following objections has been made against act consequentialism?

Accepted Answer

A)   It will always be logically impossible to determine which action will maximize the aggregate good.
B)   In many cases it will be logically impossible to determine which action will maximize the aggregate good.
C)   It will always be very difficult to determine which action will maximize the aggregate good.
D)   In many cases it will be very difficult to determine which action will maximize the aggregate good. D

Question 13

Kant's universalization test states that given a maxim, we ought to consider whether it is possible for everyone to successfully adopt the maxim. Then,

Accepted Answer

A)   if it is not possible to adopt a given maxim, then actions performed on the basis of that maxim do not have moral worth.
B)   if it is possible for everyone to successfully adopt a given maxim, consider whether it is possible rationally to choose that everyone adopts the maxim.
C)   if it is not possible for everyone to successfully adopt a given maxim, then actions performed on the basis of that maxim do not have moral worth.
D)   All of the above

Question 14

Kant claimed that a human being is not a thing and thus

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot be used merely as a means.
B)   ought to behave as a human being, not a thing.
C)   can freely create his own moral code.
D)   has a moral code given to him by nature.

Question 15

The aggregate utility of an action is the sum of all the

Accepted Answer

A)   benefits and costs that the action brings about.
B)   utilities of the pleasures and pains that the action brings about.
C)   benefits and costs brought about by following the general rule that includes whatever the action brings about.
D)   utilities of the pleasures and pains that the action brings about

Question 16

"So act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means." This quotation captures Kant's

Accepted Answer

A)   humanity formula.
B)   ends and means doctrine.
C)   theory of personhood.
D)   universality principle. A

Question 17

For Kant, an action that is performed with praiseworthy motives is what type of action?

Accepted Answer

A)   morally good
B)   morally worthy
C)   ethically serious
D)   All of the above

Question 18

Rule utilitarianism claims that one ought to always

Accepted Answer

A)   obey that system of rules which-if generally accepted and followed-would produce the best consequences.
B)   do that action that will maximize the aggregate good.
C)   obey that system of rules which-if generally accepted and followed-would maximize aggregate utility.
D)   do that action that will maximize the aggregate utility. C

Question 19

The decision-making process where costs and benefits are usually measured in dollars is called a(n)  __________ analysis.

Accepted Answer

A)   sum total
B)   quantitative
C)   aggregate
D)   cost-benefit

Question 20

__________ wrote, "It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong."

Accepted Answer

A)   J. S. Mill
B)   Jeremy Bentham
C)   Peter Singer
D)   Elizabeth Anscombe

Exam 14: What Should We Do Part I?

"Many people are so sympathetically constituted that without any motive of vanity or selfishness they find an inner satisfaction in spreading joy and take delight in the contentment of others if they have made it possible." According to Kant, such behavior as described in this passage

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The basic idea behind Kant's humanity formula is that human beings, unlike things, are owed

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Act utilitarians have criticized rule utilitarians for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Act consequentialists have responded to the difficulty/impossibility of determining the proper action to take under their theory by pointing out that

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Which of the following objection(s) has been raised against act utilitarianism?

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Rule consequentialism argues that one ought to always

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ wrote, "But if someone really thinks, in advance, that it is open to question whether such an action as procuring the judicial execution of the innocent should be quite excluded from consideration-I do not want to argue with him; he shows a corrupt mind."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain Kant's argument for his universalization test as well as an objection against it.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIImmanuel Kant's universalization test is...View AnswerShow Answer

The English philosopher Jeremy Bentham was an early proponent of

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Rule utilitarianism is a combination of

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Kant calls the capacity for choosing goals and rationally pursuing them

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Which of the following objections has been made against act consequentialism?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Kant's universalization test states that given a maxim, we ought to consider whether it is possible for everyone to successfully adopt the maxim. Then,

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Kant claimed that a human being is not a thing and thus

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The aggregate utility of an action is the sum of all the

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"So act that you use humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, always at the same time as an end, never merely as a means." This quotation captures Kant's

Correct AnswerverifiedA

For Kant, an action that is performed with praiseworthy motives is what type of action?

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Rule utilitarianism claims that one ought to always

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The decision-making process where costs and benefits are usually measured in dollars is called a(n) __________ analysis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________ wrote, "It is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Immanuel Kant's universalization test is...
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