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Exam 15: The Evolution of Microbial Life

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Question 21

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______ is an example of bioremediation.

A) Cyanobacteria converting atmospheric nitrogen to a form that plants can use
B) The use of an autoclave to kill endospores
C) The use of prokaryotes to treat sewage
D) A dinoflagellate bloom causing massive fish kills

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Question 22

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In the soil,some ______ convert nitrogen to a form that can be used by plants.

A) protists
B) animals
C) protozoans
D) prokaryotes

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Question 23

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The first organisms to colonize land were

Which of the following are most closely related to plants?

______ include cells that can function either independently or as a single unit.

Flagellates,amoebas,apicomplexans,and ciliates are all what type of protist?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s) . Malaria is a disease caused by parasitic protists in the genus Plasmodium. The parasite is transmitted to humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes. The Plasmodium parasite feeds on human red blood cells, eventually destroying them. Humans infected with malaria can exhibit many symptoms. Depending on the severity of the infection, these can range from fever, chills, sweating, and headaches to anemia and kidney failure. Ultimately, malaria can result in death. However, if time and money permit, once a person is infected, they can be treated with different antimalarial drugs. The two most commonly used drugs are artemisinin and quinine. In addition, one way to prevent the spread of malaria is to treat areas with Anopheles mosquitoes with pesticides. The National Malaria Eradication Program began work in 1947 with the goal of eliminating malaria from the southern United States. In 1947, 15,000 cases of malaria were reported nationwide. By 1950, only 2,000 cases were reported, and by 1951, malaria was considered eradicated from the United States. Today, the disease is most common in Africa and South America. About one million people die from malaria every year, many of them children. In Africa, it is estimated that one in every five childhood deaths is due to malaria. -Why do so many children in developing countries die of malaria?

Land was first colonized about ______ years ago.

Animal life underwent its greatest diversification during the ______,which began about ______ million years ago.

Based on fossil evidence,eukaryotes evolved about _____ years ago.

Spherical bacteria that occur in clusters are ______.

Bacilli are ______ prokaryotes.

Endosymbiosis explains the origin of the ______ of eukaryotes.

All organisms that photosynthesize fit into which nutritional category?

Which of the following include the two classes of poisons produced by pathogenic bacteria?

Under what abiotic conditions can monomers spontaneously form polymers?

The absence of ______ in the primitive atmosphere was essential to the origin of life on Earth.

You discover a prokaryote that can make its own food in the absence of light. Nutritionally,you would classify this prokaryote as a ______.

Why is RNA thought to have been the first genetic material?

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s) . Malaria is a disease caused by parasitic protists in the genus Plasmodium. The parasite is transmitted to humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes. The Plasmodium parasite feeds on human red blood cells, eventually destroying them. Humans infected with malaria can exhibit many symptoms. Depending on the severity of the infection, these can range from fever, chills, sweating, and headaches to anemia and kidney failure. Ultimately, malaria can result in death. However, if time and money permit, once a person is infected, they can be treated with different antimalarial drugs. The two most commonly used drugs are artemisinin and quinine. In addition, one way to prevent the spread of malaria is to treat areas with Anopheles mosquitoes with pesticides. The National Malaria Eradication Program began work in 1947 with the goal of eliminating malaria from the southern United States. In 1947, 15,000 cases of malaria were reported nationwide. By 1950, only 2,000 cases were reported, and by 1951, malaria was considered eradicated from the United States. Today, the disease is most common in Africa and South America. About one million people die from malaria every year, many of them children. In Africa, it is estimated that one in every five childhood deaths is due to malaria. -A vector is an organism that transfers a pathogen to a host. In the case of malaria,the vector(s) is(are) ______.