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Exam 4: Measuring and Managing Performance: Present and Future

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A forecast is defined as a prediction about the future.

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Short-term outcomes are the same as long-term outcomes.

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Equity measures are used to compare performance across different groups.

Whereas planning discusses what the future will look like, forecasting provides a normative model of what the future should look like.

Some managers mistake workload ratios for efficiency measures.

The longer the forecasting period, the more certain it is.

Benchmarks are standards against which performance is measured.

Performance measurement developed from program evaluation.

Forecasting methods are generally distinguished by whether they are based on statistical analysis or on expert judgments.

Forecasting should use multiple methods.

Performance measurement provides a system of key indicators of program activities and performance.

Effectiveness is defined as the unit cost to produce a good or service.

Professional associations provide performance measures that agencies should use.

Goals are measures of program activities.

Outcomes are defined as the immediate, direct results of program activities.

Peer organizations are those that are one step above the class of one's organization.

Performance measurement is used sparingly.

Performance measurement provides a real-time assessment of what a program or policy is doing.

Activities are defined as the processes, events, technologies, and actions that a program undertakes with its resources, to produce results.

The logic model defines a way to describe relationships among resources, activities, and results.