Question 1

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is

Accepted Answer

A)   ischemic conditions.
B)   cytotoxic agents.
C)   immune reaction.
D)   prolonged postrenal kidney injury.

Question 2

The patient most at risk for post-renal acute kidney injury is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   elderly patient with hypertrophy of the prostate.
B)   middle-aged woman with bladder infection.
C)   young child with reflux at the ureterovesical junction.
D)   patient who has both hypertension and diabetes.

Question 3

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperparathyroidism.
B)   hypercalcemia.
C)   excess active vitamin D.
D)   phosphorous deficiency.

Question 4

Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing

Accepted Answer

A)   hydronephrosis.
B)   acute tubular necrosis.
C)   nephrosis.
D)   renal inflammation.

Question 5

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   severe hypotension.
B)   glomerulonephritis.
C)   bilateral kidney stones.
D)   acute tubular necrosis.

Question 6

The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves

Accepted Answer

A)   reconstruction of the basement membrane.
B)   blocking the tubule lumens by dead cells.
C)   making the glomeruli patent again.
D)   regeneration of the renal tubular epithelium.

Question 7

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

Accepted Answer

A)   excess potassium leaches calcium from bone.
B)   erythropoietin secretion is impaired.
C)   urea causes demineralization of bone.
D)   they are deficient in active vitamin D.

Question 8

Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes

Accepted Answer

A)   potassium supplementation.
B)   a high-protein diet.
C)   erythropoietin administration.
D)   a high-phosphate diet.

Question 9

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   chronic loss of blood in the urine.
B)   poor appetite, with lack of iron intake.
C)   decreased secretion of erythropoietin.
D)   increased secretion of aldosterone.

Question 10

Acute tubular necrosis can occur from

Accepted Answer

A)   increased ammonia levels from liver failure.
B)   contrast dyes used for radiologic studies.
C)   ischemia due to hypovolemia.
D)   antibiotics that are nephrotoxic.

Question 11

The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is

Accepted Answer

A)   contrast media.
B)   antibiotics.
C)   cancer chemotherapy.
D)   recreational drugs.

Question 12

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)   fluid excess and electrolyte imbalance.
B)   fever and diminishing cognition.
C)   sodium retention and potassium loss in the urine.
D)   magnesium and phosphorous loss in the urine.

Question 13

The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in

Accepted Answer

A)   a 70-year-old patient with heart failure.
B)   a 50-year-old patient post gallbladder surgery.
C)   a 12-year-old patient with recurrent bladder infections.
D)   a 30-year-old patient with appendicitis.

Question 14

Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Calcium supplementation
B)   Erythropoietin
C)   Insulin
D)   ACE inhibitors

Question 15

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   severe hypotension.
B)   glomerulonephritis.
C)   bilateral kidney stones.
D)   acute tubular necrosis.

Question 16

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is

Accepted Answer

A)   azotemia.
B)   increased creatinine.
C)   hypertension.
D)   hyperkalemia.

Question 17

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience

Accepted Answer

A)   oliguria and sodium retention.
B)   infections and sepsis.
C)   magnesium and phosphorus loss in urine.
D)   polyuria and sodium wasting.

Question 18

In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons.At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Greater than 15%
B)   Greater than 25% nephron loss
C)   Greater than 50% nephron loss
D)   Greater than 90% nephron loss

Exam 28: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is

Correct Answer
verified

The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves

Correct Answer
verified

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience

Correct Answer
verified

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

Correct Answer
verified

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

Correct Answer
verified

In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons.At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease?

Correct Answer
verified

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by

Correct Answer
verified

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is

Correct Answer
verified

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

Correct Answer
verified

Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes

Correct Answer
verified

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

Correct Answer
verified

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of

Correct Answer
verified

The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in

Correct Answer
verified

Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing

Correct Answer
verified

Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?

Correct Answer
verified

The patient most at risk for post-renal acute kidney injury is a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is

Correct Answer
verified

Acute tubular necrosis can occur from

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 28: Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease

One of the most common causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effect on the renal tubules during the postoliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If acute tubular necrosis (ATN) does not resolve and continued tubular dysfunction ensues, the patient will then experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis is characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prerenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In patients with polycystic kidney disease, renal failure is expected to progress over time as the cystic process destroys more nephrons.At what point will a patient reach end-stage renal disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anemia in people who have end-stage chronic renal disease is caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The condition associated with end-stage chronic renal disease that is the most immediately life threatening is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals with end-stage chronic renal disease are at risk for renal osteodystrophy and spontaneous bone fractures, because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Appropriate management of end-stage renal disease includes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Postrenal acute kidney injury may be caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Osteoporosis commonly occurs in patients with end-stage renal disease because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The risk for contrast media-induced acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is highest in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gastrointestinal drainage, perioperative and postoperative hypotension, and hemorrhage may all contribute to renal failure by causing

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which intervention has been found to retard the advancement of chronic kidney disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The patient most at risk for post-renal acute kidney injury is a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common agent resulting in nephrotoxicity and subsequent acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in hospitalized patients is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acute tubular necrosis can occur from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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