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Exam 9: The Immune System and Mechanisms of Defense

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Question 31

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Tears and saliva contain the enzyme dermicidin, which is effective in preventing bacteria from entering the human body.

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Question 32

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The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that

A) they remain in an active state, continuously producing antibodies
B) if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells
C) they prevent production of other proteins so that antibodies can be produced
D) they produce antibodies and can become phagocytic
E) they prevent viruses from entering the body a second time

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Question 33

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Microorganisms and cellular debris are removed from lymph by the ________ and from blood by the ________.

During a bacterial infection, the human body usually responds by having an elevated body temperature or a fever. Most over-the-counter cold medications indicate that they contain a fever suppressant. Explain why this is not always good for the treatment of a cold or infection.

Viral-infected human cells often send out special proteins that serve as an early warning system to uninfected cells. In response, the uninfected cells develop antiviral proteins that protect them. The early warning proteins sent out by viral-infected cells are

Drugs that kill or inhibit bacteria are known as ________.

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens are referred to as

If you travel through an airport during a major holiday season, you are very likely exposed to a number of potential pathogens. Describe some of the first lines of defense that your body uses to keep these pathogens out of your body.

Infection by HIV can eventually lead to the development of a condition called ________, which is diagnosed when the T helper cell count drops below ________.

Bacterial infections are generally treated with ________.

Plasma cells and memory cells are types of ________ lymphocytes; both types of cells secrete proteins called ________ as part of the immune response.

An individual with an uncertain vaccine history has been brought to the emergency room after receiving severe lacerations in an accident with farm machinery. In addition to administering a tetanus toxoid vaccine, he is also given a shot of tetanus immune globulin (TIG) , a form of passive immunization. Why are both necessary?

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding lymph nodes?

Immunoglobulin ________ is the most common type of immunoglobulin and is the only type that can cross the placenta to pass on the mother's acquired immunity to the developing fetus.

Lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disorder in which the body attacks

All of the following are used in the production of monoclonal antibodies EXCEPT which one?

All of the following represent physical and/or chemical barriers that form the body's first line of defense against pathogens EXCEPT which one?

Symptoms of an allergic reaction such as increased secretion of mucus, swelling, and pain are due to the release of ________ from mast cells.

The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from

Which one of the following is correct regarding the structure of an antibody?