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A grassroots lobbying campaign occurs when


A) an interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position.
B) a spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself.
C) interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate.
D) an interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue.

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The major organizational factors shared by most interest groups are


A) very close links with the national news media, direct ties to a member of Congress, a headquarters in Washington, D.C., and members.
B) very close links with the national news media, connections with Hollywood, direct ties to the president of the United States, and members.
C) leadership, money, an agency or office, and members.
D) leadership, a rigid hierarchical structure, access to loans from the Federal Reserve, and members.

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Which of the following was NOT part of the ethics rules enacted by Congress in 2007?


A) a prohibition on lobbyists from paying for most meals, trips, parties, and gifts for members of Congress
B) a requirement to disclose the amounts and sources of small campaign contributions collected from clients and "bundled" into large contributions
C) a requirement to disclose the funds lobbyists use to rally voters to support or oppose legislative proposals
D) a prohibition on all PAC contributions to members of Congress

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Describe some of the different strategies that interest groups use to gain influence on public policy. In your answer, be sure to give specific examples of each of the strategies you discuss.

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There are four components to this questi...

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One way that AARP has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members.


A) selective
B) elective
C) free-rider
D) public good

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The federal government has made many attempts to regulate lobbying over the course of American history. Discuss the federal government's rules regarding lobbying and what impact they have on the strategies employed by lobbyists. In your answer, be sure to discuss specific laws passed by Congress as well as recent Supreme Court decisions on campaign finance.

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There are three components to this quest...

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Which of the following was eliminated as a result of 2002 campaign finance reforms?


A) PACs
B) soft money
C) laws limiting the amount a candidate may spend of his or her personal fortune
D) interest group lobbying

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Individuals and organizations can give an unlimited amount of money to


A) U.S. Senate candidates.
B) U.S. presidential candidates.
C) political parties.
D) Super PACs.

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It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because


A) there are no constitutional means for unorganized interests to compete for attention.
B) there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands.
C) there are no measurements of interests and needs outside of representation.
D) these interests often want to stay hidden from public view.

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The New Politics movement gave rise to ________ groups.


A) ideological
B) partisan
C) labor
D) public interest

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The best description of the ideal of pluralism is that


A) the public good should always trump individual interests.
B) interest groups should be free to compete for governmental influence.
C) interest groups are factions that endanger liberty.
D) democracy is best served by legalizing but regulating the influence of interest groups.

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The solidary benefits of interest groups include


A) friendship and consciousness-raising.
B) special services and goods.
C) information and money.
D) identification with the purpose or ideology of the group.

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Netroots groups are less expensive to organize than traditional interest groups because they


A) do not provide any selective benefits to their members.
B) spend much less time communicating with their members and much more time lobbying policy makers.
C) have a streamlined staff structure with fewer staff who often work from virtual offices.
D) are always run entirely by volunteers who take no salary.

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Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that


A) they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.
B) they were the first political associations to use the strategy of direct mailing.
C) they were the first group to abandon lobbying and take up only grassroots activism.
D) unlike other interest groups, their status is like that of a charity, not a political organization.

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A full-page, fully paid spread in the New York Times publicizing a major oil company is best described as


A) going public.
B) lobbying.
C) institutional advertising.
D) an issue network.

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