Question 1

The word-length effect refers to the finding that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the longer the word list, the more words a subject can recall
B)   subjects can recall a greater number of shorter words in a list
C)   subjects can recall a greater number of longer words in a list
D)   most subjects cannot recall more than seven plus or minus items in a word list

Question 2

In the Baddeley and Hitch (1974)  model, _________ is a subsystem of working memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   the sensory store
B)   the visuospatial sketchpad
C)   the speech perception module
D)   primary memory

Question 3

Most models of memory assume that:

Accepted Answer

A)   memory capacity and attentional resources are unlimited
B)   how many things we can attend to at once depends on the nature of each task
C)   with practice, there is no limit on how many activities we can perform simultaneously
D)   working memory and long-term memory have the same storage capacity

Question 4

Studies of brain-damaged patients with deficits in autonoetic consciousness have provided evidence that:

Accepted Answer

A)   episodic memory refers solely to the retrieval of personal facts from long-term memory
B)   episodic memory is more resilient than semantic memory
C)   semantic memory is more resilient more than episodic memory
D)   the distinction between episodic and semantic memory is biologically real

Question 5

What conclusion can be drawn from the text's discussion of the "Ali" sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)   we use serial processing when encountering ambiguous words
B)   we use controlled processing to comprehend ambiguous sentences
C)   we use top-down processing to comprehend ambiguous sentences
D)   our intuitions regarding sentence comprehension are not always accurate

Question 6

________ models are inspired by patterns of neural activity in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   Parallel distributed processing
B)   Modularity
C)   Visuospatial sketchpad
D)   Autonoetic

Question 7

Within cognitive psychology, modularity refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   the degree of independence of the language system from the general information processing system
B)   the belief that language processing strategies are "wired in"
C)   the notion that working memory, automatic processing, and related concepts play a major role in language comprehension and production
D)   all of the above

Question 8

The type of memory that holds traces of events that are specific to a time and place is called _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   semantic
B)   working
C)   episodic
D)   secondary

Question 9

Children's pretend play is developmentally important because:

Accepted Answer

A)   it signifies that one object can stand for another
B)   it reveals that children can imitate what they see
C)   it helps young children remember that hidden objects still exist
D)   it shows that children's thinking processes are vastly different from those of adults

Question 10

Memories of childhood vacations are stored in:

Accepted Answer

A)   semantic memory
B)   working memory
C)   episodic memory
D)   secondary memory

Question 11

Which of the following characterize processing modules?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are independent of general cognitive processes.
B)   They are shared by processes from different domains (such as art and music) .
C)   They draw on controlled process, such as decision making.
D)   Their workings are available to conscious inspection.

Question 12

Processing that proceeds from the lowest level to the higher levels in such a way that all of the lower levels of processing operate without influence from the higher levels is called _____ processing.

Accepted Answer

A)   top-down
B)   bottom-up
C)   controlled
D)   parallel

Question 13

In Diamond's (1985)  study of object permanence, infants as young as seven and a half months were able to solve the problem if:

Accepted Answer

A)   the object was hidden in a consistent place
B)   their mother was present during testing
C)   they were allowed to immediately search for the object
D)   the object was only partially obscured

Question 14

According to Piaget, the transition from the sensorimotor period to the preoperational is signaled by:

Accepted Answer

A)   the appearance of the child's first word
B)   the child's ability to walk unaided
C)   deferred imitation and pretend play
D)   the ability of a child to discriminate speech sounds

Question 15

Baddeley, Gathercole, and Papagno (1998)  used a _______ test to study the relationship between working memory and vocabulary development in children.

Accepted Answer

A)   memory span
B)   digit span
C)   reading comprehension
D)   deferred imitation

Question 16

Object permanence refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   the use of an object in a symbolic manner
B)   understanding that an object exists even if it cannot be perceived
C)   infants' use of an object, such as a rattle, to get adult attention
D)   the concepts that infants and children use to organize their experience B

Question 17

The studies by Case, Kurland, and Goldberg (1982)  on the development of working memory found that:

Accepted Answer

A)   there is no increase in working memory capacity from infancy to six years of age
B)   there is no increase in working memory capacity from six years to adulthood
C)   there was a positive correlation between response speed and memory span
D)   all of the above

Question 18

A processing model in which higher-level information may influence processing at the lower levels is called a _____ model.

Accepted Answer

A)   bottom-up
B)   automatic
C)   top-down
D)   controlled C

Question 19

The distinction between automatic and attentional processes deals with the degree to which a task:

Accepted Answer

A)   involves permanent memory retrieval
B)   requires a deep level of processing
C)   requires mental resources or processing capacity
D)   is processed in working memory C

Question 20

Information that is being processed by the cognitive system is temporarily held in ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   permanent
B)   episodic
C)   semantic
D)   working

Exam 3: Psychological Mechanisms

The word-length effect refers to the finding that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Baddeley and Hitch (1974) model, _________ is a subsystem of working memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most models of memory assume that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of brain-damaged patients with deficits in autonoetic consciousness have provided evidence that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What conclusion can be drawn from the text's discussion of the "Ali" sentence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ models are inspired by patterns of neural activity in the brain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Within cognitive psychology, modularity refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The type of memory that holds traces of events that are specific to a time and place is called _____ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children's pretend play is developmentally important because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Memories of childhood vacations are stored in:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characterize processing modules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Processing that proceeds from the lowest level to the higher levels in such a way that all of the lower levels of processing operate without influence from the higher levels is called _____ processing.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Diamond's (1985) study of object permanence, infants as young as seven and a half months were able to solve the problem if:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Piaget, the transition from the sensorimotor period to the preoperational is signaled by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Baddeley, Gathercole, and Papagno (1998) used a _______ test to study the relationship between working memory and vocabulary development in children.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Object permanence refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The studies by Case, Kurland, and Goldberg (1982) on the development of working memory found that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A processing model in which higher-level information may influence processing at the lower levels is called a _____ model.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The distinction between automatic and attentional processes deals with the degree to which a task:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Information that is being processed by the cognitive system is temporarily held in ________ memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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