Question 1

Examine Figure 1-8.Which cells are MOST likely responsible for the intense response to Antigen A following a second exposure?
​

Accepted Answer

A)  B cells
B)  T cells
C)  Memory T cells
D)  Memory B cells
E)  Both memory T cells and memory B cells are responsible.

Question 2

Complete the following table by comparing and contrasting innate and adaptive immune responses.
 $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Innate } \
\text { Immunity }
\end{array} & \begin{array}{l}
\text { Adaptive } \
\text { Immunity }
\end{array} \
\hline \text { Is mediated by what cells? } & & \
\hline \text { What do they recognize? } & & \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { How are the receptors } \
\text { encoded? }
\end{array} & & \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { Why can't they control all } \
\text { infections alone? }
\end{array} & & \
\hline \begin{array}{l}
\text { What do they do in } \
\text { response to antigen? }
\end{array} & & \
\hline
\end{array}$

Accepted Answer

None...

Question 3

Which of the following is the BEST example of a hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  T cells responding vigorously to the flu virus
B)  B cells failing to respond to HIV, allowing it to replicate out of control
C)  Inflammation of the airways in response to pollen
D)  Anemia as a result of iron deficiency
E)  T cells attacking the myelin sheath of nerves resulting in paralysis

Question 4

How do memory cells develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Upon reinfection, memory centers in the brain send signals to the bone marrow to induce T-cell and B-cell differentiation.
B)  T cells and B cells from the primary response persist and become reactivated.
C)  Innate cells are trained to activate new T cells and B cells more quickly with secondary infection.
D)  T cells and B cells from the primary infection slowly mutate their receptors over time, priming themselves for the secondary response.
E)  Innate cells modify their cell surface receptors to prepare for reinfection.

Question 5

What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?

Accepted Answer

A)  It becomes more dangerous to the host.
B)  It gets smaller.
C)  It has weakened virulence.
D)  It becomes older.
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Upon receiving immune serum as a treatment for a venomous snake bite, would the recipient be immune from future bites of the same species?

Accepted Answer

In the short-term, probably, as the seru...

Question 7

What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of someone experiencing an inflammatory response.

Accepted Answer

Redness, swelling, heat, pain.Someone ex...

Question 8

Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising incidence of autism.If the claims were true, what resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism once thimerosal was removed from vaccines?

Accepted Answer

One would reasonably expect a ...

Question 9

Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages
B)  Mast cells
C)  Neutrophils
D)  Erythrocytes
E)  T cells

Question 10

Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  autoimmunity.
B)  immune deficiency.
C)  hypersensitivities.
D)  neuroplasias.
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Which of the following factors has been shown as potentially impacting immune homeostasis in favor of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diet
B)  Stress
C)  Microbiome composition
D)  All of the answers are correct.
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following is a fungal pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vibrio cholera
B)  Leishmania major
C)  Poliovirus
D)  Candida albicans
E)  Bordetella pertussis

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaccines cause autism.
B)  Vaccines cause obesity.
C)  Vaccines cause cancer.
D)  Vaccines cause diabetes.
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition receptors during the development of B cells.

Accepted Answer

A benefit is having the capaci...

Question 15

What occurs when someone receives a tissue transplant from an unrelated individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  The host's lymphocytes enter the tissues and become suppressed.
B)  The host's lymphocytes enter the tissues and become activated.
C)  The host's lymphocytes that react to the tissue graft are deleted in the thymus.
D)  The donor's lymphocytes suppress the host's lymphocytes, allowing for graft survival.
E)  The donor's lymphocytes destroy the host's immune system.

Question 16

Overall, the human immune system views microbes as pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Provide one common feature of and two differences between B-cell receptors and PRRs.

Accepted Answer

A common feature is that they both are u...

Question 18

The hygiene hypothesis posits that there is a connection between environmental conditions and certain inappropriate immune responses.If you were a supporter of the hygiene hypothesis, what recommendations would you make to keep people healthier?

Accepted Answer

Expose children to more common...

Question 19

Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies develop were the instructional theory and the selective theory.How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

The selective theory says that, when an ...

Question 20

Given that an important function of the immune system is to both recognize and dispose of cancerous cells, postulate why tumors can be established in a human host.

Accepted Answer

There are two primary reasons.First, can...

Exam 1: Overview of the Immune System

Correct Answer
verified
None...
View Answer

Provide one common feature of and two differences between B-cell receptors and PRRs.

Correct Answer
verified
A common feature is that they both are u...
View Answer

Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising incidence of autism.If the claims were true, what resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism once thimerosal was removed from vaccines?

Correct Answer
verified
One would reasonably expect a ...
View Answer

Which of the following is a fungal pathogen?

Correct Answer
verified

Given that an important function of the immune system is to both recognize and dispose of cancerous cells, postulate why tumors can be established in a human host.

Correct Answer
verified
There are two primary reasons.First, can...
View Answer

What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of someone experiencing an inflammatory response.

Correct Answer
verified
Redness, swelling, heat, pain.Someone ex...
View Answer

Which of the following is the BEST example of a hypersensitivity reaction?

Correct Answer
verified

How do memory cells develop?

Correct Answer
verified

Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as

Correct Answer
verified

The hygiene hypothesis posits that there is a connection between environmental conditions and certain inappropriate immune responses.If you were a supporter of the hygiene hypothesis, what recommendations would you make to keep people healthier?

Correct Answer
verified
Expose children to more common...
View Answer

What occurs when someone receives a tissue transplant from an unrelated individual?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?

Correct Answer
verified

Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies develop were the instructional theory and the selective theory.How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be CORRECT?

Correct Answer
verified
The selective theory says that, when an ...
View Answer

Which of the following factors has been shown as potentially impacting immune homeostasis in favor of inflammation?

Correct Answer
verified

Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition receptors during the development of B cells.

Correct Answer
verified
A benefit is having the capaci...
View Answer

Upon receiving immune serum as a treatment for a venomous snake bite, would the recipient be immune from future bites of the same species?

Correct Answer
verified
In the short-term, probably, as the seru...
View Answer

Overall, the human immune system views microbes as pathogens.

Correct Answer
verified

Examine Figure 1-8.Which cells are MOST likely responsible for the intense response to Antigen A following a second exposure?

Correct Answer
verified

What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: Overview of the Immune System

Correct AnswerverifiedNone...View AnswerShow Answer

Provide one common feature of and two differences between B-cell receptors and PRRs.

Correct AnswerverifiedA common feature is that they both are u...View AnswerShow Answer

Prior to 1999, it was claimed that a thimerosal additive in vaccines was contributing to the rising incidence of autism.If the claims were true, what resultant trend might you expect to observe in the rate of autism once thimerosal was removed from vaccines?

Correct AnswerverifiedOne would reasonably expect a ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is a fungal pathogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given that an important function of the immune system is to both recognize and dispose of cancerous cells, postulate why tumors can be established in a human host.

Correct AnswerverifiedThere are two primary reasons.First, can...View AnswerShow Answer

What are the hallmarks of inflammation? Describe the physical characteristics of someone experiencing an inflammatory response.

Correct AnswerverifiedRedness, swelling, heat, pain.Someone ex...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is the BEST example of a hypersensitivity reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How do memory cells develop?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conditions in which the immune system attacks self-antigens are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hygiene hypothesis posits that there is a connection between environmental conditions and certain inappropriate immune responses.If you were a supporter of the hygiene hypothesis, what recommendations would you make to keep people healthier?

Correct AnswerverifiedExpose children to more common...View AnswerShow Answer

What occurs when someone receives a tissue transplant from an unrelated individual?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two of the main, early theories proposed to explain how antigen-specific antibodies develop were the instructional theory and the selective theory.How did the two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be CORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe selective theory says that, when an ...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following factors has been shown as potentially impacting immune homeostasis in favor of inflammation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Provide one benefit and one drawback of generating random recognition receptors during the development of B cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedA benefit is having the capaci...View AnswerShow Answer

Upon receiving immune serum as a treatment for a venomous snake bite, would the recipient be immune from future bites of the same species?

Correct AnswerverifiedIn the short-term, probably, as the seru...View AnswerShow Answer

Overall, the human immune system views microbes as pathogens.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine Figure 1-8.Which cells are MOST likely responsible for the intense response to Antigen A following a second exposure? ​

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
None...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
A common feature is that they both are u...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
One would reasonably expect a ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
There are two primary reasons.First, can...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Redness, swelling, heat, pain.Someone ex...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Expose children to more common...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The selective theory says that, when an ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A benefit is having the capaci...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
In the short-term, probably, as the seru...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Examine Figure 1-8.Which cells are MOST likely responsible for the intense response to Antigen A following a second exposure?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified