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Exam 10: Aerobic Metabolism II: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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A respiratory burst is initiated when NADPH reacts with oxygen to produce which of the following?

A) Superoxide anion
B) Water
C) Hydrogen peroxide
D) Hydroxyl radical
E) Peroxide radical

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A

Question 2

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Compare the amount of energy captured from a mole of glucose from glycolysis alone with that of oxidative phosphorylation.

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In glycolysis, the net production of energy from one mole of glucose is two moles of ATP. If the two molecules of pyruvate are further oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation mechanism the total number of ATPs generated from the mole of glucose will be 29.5 to 31, depending on the shuttle mechanism used to transfer the electrons from the two cytoplasmic NADHs to the mitochondrial ETC.

Question 3

Multiple Choice

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The return of __________ into the mitochondrion is coupled to the formation of __________.

During the oxidation of NADH there are several steps in which E^o' is sufficient for ATP synthesis. These occur within __________.

In Complex III, electrons are transferred from UQH₂ to __________.

Describe the types of cellular damage produced by ROS.

When rotenone is added to actively respiring mitochondria the ratio of NADH to NAD⁺ increases, but the FADH₂/FAD remains unchanged. What step in the system is being inhibited?

The major sources of NADH that reduce Complex I of the ETC include __________.

A previous explanation of the mechanism of ATP synthesis referred to as the chemical coupling hypothesis, postulated that ATP synthesis occurs as s substrate level phosphorylation via a phosphate containing intermediate. The chemical coupling hypothesis failed to explain why mitochondrial membrane must be intact during ATP synthesis. How does the chemiosmotic theory account for this phenomena?

ATP synthesis and mitochondrial electron transport are coupled by __________.

ROS are generated during __________.

Which of the following complexes contain copper?

What would be the end products when the following substances are final electron acceptors in the electron transport system: nitrate, ferric ion, carbon dioxide, sulfate and sulfur?

List some of the causes of reperfusion triggered cardiac cell damage.

How does nitrophenol inhibit ATP synthesis?

Describe the processes that are driven by mitochondrial electron transport.

The reducing power generated in the cytoplasm can be transferred into the mitochondrion by which of the following processes?

The final product of oxidative phosphorylation is __________.

Explain why an inhibitor of complex I will not only cause an increase in the ratio of NADH to NAD⁺ but also an increase in the UQ/UQH ratio.

What is the minimum voltage drop for individual electron transfer events in the mitochondrial electron transport system that is necessary for ATP synthesis?