Question 1

A group of sulfur bacteria live in a hydrothermal vent community at the bottom of the ocean, and obtain energy through chemosynthesis. A group of single-celled algae live far above them, in the open ocean, and obtain energy through photosynthesis. Briefly compare and contrast the mechanism by which the two groups of organisms survive. Consider their sources of energy and how they extract and transform that energy.

Accepted Answer

The sulfur bacteria extract energy from ...

Question 2

In the net reaction of photosynthesis, 24 carbon dioxide molecules are converted into how many molecule(s)  of glucose (a 6-carbon sugar)  and how many molecules of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)   1; 4
B)   1; 6
C)   4; 6
D)   4; 24

Question 3

Refer to the figure showing acclimatization to two different growth temperature regimes from different populations of a shrub occurring in the Mojave Desert and in cool coastal zones in California. The two temperatures regimes used are representative of the two habitats.
 Of the four temperature curves in the two populations, which combination appears least able to acclimate to the given temperature regime?

Accepted Answer

A)   Desert population at the 23°C day/18°C night regime
B)   Desert population at the 43°C day/30°C night regime
C)   Coastal population at the 23°C day/18°C night regime
D)   Coastal population at the 43°C day/30°C night regime

Question 4

Two people go to a restaurant. One is a vegan and eats only plant material and one is an omnivore and has no dietary restrictions. They both order 500 g of food; the vegan orders plant-based food and the omnivore orders a steak. Which meal contains more energy? If these two individuals had to forage for the same types of food in the wild, which one would expend more energy?

Accepted Answer

The omnivore's steak has more ...

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy transfer?

Accepted Answer

A)   A lion metabolizing the lamb it ate
B)   A lizard warming up by sitting in the sun
C)   The heating of a lake by the sun
D)   The heating of the atmosphere by solar radiation

Question 6

The nitrite that is oxidized by a bacterium in the process of chemosynthesis _______ electrons. The opposite of oxidation is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   gains; addition
B)   gains; reduction
C)   loses; addition
D)   loses; reduction

Question 7

Which statement about CAM and C4 plants is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   They both make use of the enzyme PEPcase.
B)   They both have differentiated mesophyll and bundle sheath tissue separated by a waxy layer.
C)   They both are typically found in wet climates.
D)   They both open their stomata during the night.

Question 8

Which morphological difference is associated with C4 plants but not C3 plants?

Accepted Answer

A)   A waxy coating of the bundle sheath
B)   Xylem
C)   Spongy mesophyll cells
D)   Stomata in the lower epidermis

Question 9

A plant living through a drought keeps most of its stomates closed. This results in a trade-off of physiological processes in which

Accepted Answer

A)   photosynthesis increases and energy accumulates in the leaf.
B)   water is conserved and energy accumulates in the leaf.
C)   CO2 uptake and water loss both increase, but leaves are light-damaged.
D)   CO2 uptake and water loss both decrease, but photosynthesis increases.

Question 10

The experiments of Kenward and colleagues with New Caledonian crows showed that

Accepted Answer

A)   crows that have not been exposed to other toolmaking birds are unable to make tools.
B)   all groups of crows living on the island use the same set of tools.
C)   the ability of crows to manufacture tools is at least partially inherited.
D)   captive crows are unable to make tools.

Question 11

Which of these is the best example of acclimatization to light variation that is accomplished by morphological, rather than physiological means?

Accepted Answer

A)   Plants in different climates have different forms of the same photosynthetic enzymes, according to which form operates best in the plant's particular environment.
B)   Spearscale plants grown in different light environments vary in maximum net photosynthesis rate, nighttime respiration values, and light compensation points.
C)   Unlike other plants, lichens in the Arctic can photosynthesize at temperatures close to freezing.
D)   Golden banner plants adapt to varying light conditions by adjusting their number of chloroplasts and the thickness of their leaves.

Question 12

What takes place during the second step of photosynthesis, referred to as the "carbon reactions"?

Accepted Answer

A)   CO2 is fixed, producing carbohydrates.
B)   CO2 is oxidized by solar radiation.
C)   Water is split to provide electrons to synthesize ATP and NADPH.
D)   Chlorophyll is oxidized by water.

Question 13

Rubisco is important in both photosynthesis and respiration because it

Accepted Answer

A)   catalyzes the uptake of CO2 and the synthesis of PGA.
B)   catalyzes the uptake of CO2 and the synthesis of PGA
C)   slows down photosynthesis to allow the plant to store carbon.
D)   slows down photorespiration to allow the plant to store carbon.

Question 14

Refer to the table showing the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of three different environments.
 In which environment, if any, would we expect photorespiration to be lowest?

Accepted Answer

A)   Environment 1
B)   Environment 2
C)   Environment 3
D)   Photorespiration rates should be roughly the same in all environments.

Question 15

Refer to the figure showing results from an experiment by Kozaki and Takeba on genetically altered tobacco plants under conditions that promote damage to photosynthetic membranes.
 Curve _______ represents the plants altered to reduce their photorespiration rates; curve _______ represents plants altered to increase photorespiration rates.

Accepted Answer

A)   A; C
B)   B; C
C)   C; A
D)   A; B

Question 16

Orchid species that have lost their ability to photosynthesize, and instead parasitize fungi for all their energy needs, would best be classified as

Accepted Answer

A)   chemosynthetic organisms.
B)   holoparasites.
C)   photosynthetic organisms.
D)   hemiparasites.

Question 17

Despite being photosynthetic, mistletoe receives some of its energy from its host plant. Mistletoe is thus an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)   holoparasite.
B)   hyperparasite.
C)   hemiparasite.
D)   heterotroph.

Question 18

In van Helmont's experiment measuring a growing tree, which possible energy source for the tree's growth was he able to rule out?

Accepted Answer

A)   Oxygen
B)   Water
C)   Carbon dioxide
D)   Soil

Question 19

Which statement about radiant energy from the sun is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is converted directly to chemical energy in plants.
B)   It is the original source for the fuel we use in our cars and homes.
C)   It can be converted directly to chemical energy by heterotrophs.
D)   It is responsible for most of the warmth of our atmosphere.

Question 20

One animal species (A)  spends 10 minutes finding and obtaining one food item that contains 50 calories. The other animal species (B)  spends 1 minute finding and obtaining one food item that contains 0.1 calories. Which statement best describes these animals?

Accepted Answer

A)   Species A is more likely to be an autotroph than species B.
B)   Species B is more likely to be a heterotroph than species A.
C)   Species B is more likely to be a detritivore than species A.
D)   Species B is more likely to be a predator than species A.

Exam 5: Coping With Environmental Variation: Energy

The nitrite that is oxidized by a bacterium in the process of chemosynthesis _ electrons. The opposite of oxidation is _.

Correct Answer
verified

Orchid species that have lost their ability to photosynthesize, and instead parasitize fungi for all their energy needs, would best be classified as

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about CAM and C₄ plants is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy transfer?

Correct Answer
verified

In the net reaction of photosynthesis, 24 carbon dioxide molecules are converted into how many molecule(s) of glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) and how many molecules of oxygen?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about radiant energy from the sun is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these is the best example of acclimatization to light variation that is accomplished by morphological, rather than physiological means?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The sulfur bacteria extract energy from ...
View Answer

Refer to the table showing the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of three different environments. In which environment, if any, would we expect photorespiration to be lowest?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Despite being photosynthetic, mistletoe receives some of its energy from its host plant. Mistletoe is thus an example of a

Correct Answer
verified

In van Helmont's experiment measuring a growing tree, which possible energy source for the tree's growth was he able to rule out?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The omnivore's steak has more ...
View Answer

A plant living through a drought keeps most of its stomates closed. This results in a trade-off of physiological processes in which

Correct Answer
verified

Rubisco is important in both photosynthesis and respiration because it

Correct Answer
verified

One animal species (A) spends 10 minutes finding and obtaining one food item that contains 50 calories. The other animal species (B) spends 1 minute finding and obtaining one food item that contains 0.1 calories. Which statement best describes these animals?

Correct Answer
verified

Which morphological difference is associated with C₄ plants but not C₃ plants?

Correct Answer
verified

What takes place during the second step of photosynthesis, referred to as the "carbon reactions"?

Correct Answer
verified

The experiments of Kenward and colleagues with New Caledonian crows showed that

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Coping With Environmental Variation: Energy

The nitrite that is oxidized by a bacterium in the process of chemosynthesis _______ electrons. The opposite of oxidation is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Orchid species that have lost their ability to photosynthesize, and instead parasitize fungi for all their energy needs, would best be classified as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about CAM and C4 plants is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy transfer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the net reaction of photosynthesis, 24 carbon dioxide molecules are converted into how many molecule(s) of glucose (a 6-carbon sugar) and how many molecules of oxygen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about radiant energy from the sun is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is the best example of acclimatization to light variation that is accomplished by morphological, rather than physiological means?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe sulfur bacteria extract energy from ...View AnswerShow Answer

Refer to the table showing the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of three different environments. In which environment, if any, would we expect photorespiration to be lowest?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Despite being photosynthetic, mistletoe receives some of its energy from its host plant. Mistletoe is thus an example of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In van Helmont's experiment measuring a growing tree, which possible energy source for the tree's growth was he able to rule out?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe omnivore's steak has more ...View AnswerShow Answer

A plant living through a drought keeps most of its stomates closed. This results in a trade-off of physiological processes in which

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rubisco is important in both photosynthesis and respiration because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One animal species (A) spends 10 minutes finding and obtaining one food item that contains 50 calories. The other animal species (B) spends 1 minute finding and obtaining one food item that contains 0.1 calories. Which statement best describes these animals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which morphological difference is associated with C4 plants but not C3 plants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What takes place during the second step of photosynthesis, referred to as the "carbon reactions"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The experiments of Kenward and colleagues with New Caledonian crows showed that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nitrite that is oxidized by a bacterium in the process of chemosynthesis _ electrons. The opposite of oxidation is _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about CAM and C₄ plants is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The sulfur bacteria extract energy from ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The omnivore's steak has more ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which morphological difference is associated with C₄ plants but not C₃ plants?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified