A) the promise of increased wages.
B) deportation to the colonies.
C) heavy fines for lost time.
D) lectures and schooling in the rules to parents.
E) repeated beatings.
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A) especially benefited the middle classes.
B) led to much increased disparity between the richest and poorest classes in society.
C) eventually led to an overall increase in purchasing power for the working classes.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.
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A) James Hargreaves.
B) James Watts.
C) Benjamin Franklin.
D) Richard Arkwright.
E) Matthew Boulton.
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A) Government intervention prevented consumer fraud and food adulteration.
B) A tremendous decline in urban death rates accounted for the increased population of most large cities.
C) Lower-class family dwellings were on the whole much better than in the countryside.
D) Filthy sanitary conditions were exacerbated by the city authorities' slow response to take responsibility for public health.
E) Modern urban planning began in the city of London in the 1850s
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A) Belgium.
B) France.
C) the German states.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.
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A) received little support in their areas of activity.
B) destroyed industrial machines that destroyed their livelihood.
C) were composed of the lowest unskilled workers in Great Britain.
D) was the first movement of working-class consciousness of the Continent.
E) demanded the establishment of a socialist economy.
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A) was rejected by evangelical religions as being "unchristian."
B) was basically a continuation from the cottage industry system.
C) was never adopted by the working class.
D) relegated the worker to a life of harsh discipline and the rigors of competitive wage labor.
E) was inspired by the examples of Belgium and France.
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A) The small size of children facilitated their movement around machines.
B) Children represented a cheap supply of labor.
C) Children made up an abundant supply of labor.
D) Children were more easily broken to the discipline of factory work than adults.
E) Compulsory education from ages five to eight meant that could follow written instructions from factory supervisors.
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A) were often paid in kind.
B) no longer owned the means of economic production and could only sell their labor for a wage.
C) were less vulnerable to more rapid cycles of economic boom and bust.
D) got both good wages and many fringe benefits unknown before.
E) became serfs, legally tied to factories.
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A) the urgent need to solve the great poverty in the eighteenth century.
B) the failure of the cottage industry.
C) entrepreneurs who sought and accepted the new profitable manufacturing methods.
D) the industrialization of the Dutch and French.
E) the economic and technological needs engendered by the French Revolution.
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A) Samuel Slater.
B) Richard Arkwright.
C) Eli Whitney.
D) Samuel Newcomen.
E) John Brown.
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A) an oil-fired locomotive.
B) the steering wheel for trains.
C) the first steam-powered locomotive on an industrial rail line.
D) the first electric-powered locomotive for military use.
E) the motion-picture camera.
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