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Exam 4: Igneous Rocks and Intrusive Igneous Activity

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Question 41

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Although all compositions are represented, most plutons are:

A) felsic rocks.
B) intermediate rocks.
C) mafic rocks.
D) felsic and mafic rocks.
E) felsic, intermediate, and mafic rocks.

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Question 42

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Briefly explain how it is possible for a single magma to yield rocks of felsic, intermediate, and mafic composition.

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There are three ways for magma to yield ...

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Question 43

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Why do pegmatite mineral crystals grow so large?

Concordant tabular sheetlike plutons are called ____________________, whereas discordant tabular plutons are called ____________________.

Natural glass, such as obsidian, forms when magma:

What causes the volcanism at spreading ridges?

Batholiths are mostly emplaced by _________________ _________________ as magma moves upward into country rock.

How are gabbro and basalt similar, and how are they different? How about diorite and andesite? Granite and rhyolite? How are basalt, andesite, and rhyolite the same and how are they different? How about gabbro, diorite, and granite?

How does lava differ from magma?

At a linear volcanic chain, such as the Hawaiian Islands, the rocks are oldest over the hot spot and become progressively younger away from the hot spot.

What phenomena does Bowen's reaction series help explain?

What does a glassy texture tell us about the history of an igneous rock?

A dark-colored igneous rock with no visible crystals cooled:

Why does Bowen's reaction series predict that mafic intrusive rocks should be much more common than felsic intrusive rocks?

What two types of volcanic features result from volcanism above a mantle plume? How are hot spots related to plate boundaries?

What causes volcanism at a subduction zone, and how does Bowen's reaction series explain the composition of the magmas there?

Completion Igneous rocks of dark color are generally rich in the chemical elements ____________________ and ____________________, while those of light color are generally rich in ____________________ and ____________________.

What are aphanitic and phaneritic textures, and what do they say about the way the rock formed?

What is viscosity?

What is viscosity? What is the effect of temperature and composition on the viscosity of magma? At the same temperature, which composition of magma will be the most viscous: felsic, intermediate, or mafic? Which will be the least viscous?