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During the ____ cycle, viral DNA, which has been inserted into the host DNA, remains mostly or completely inactive but is replicated and passed onto host cell progeny. ​


A) lytic
B) lysogenic ​
C) Krebs ​
D) citric acid ​
E) lytic or lysogenic ​

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Bacteria ____. ​


A) are haploid
B) are diploid ​
C) are polyploid ​
D) have double-stranded RNA genomes ​
E) have single-stranded DNA genomes ​

Correct Answer

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Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.

Premises
Virulent phage
Responses
Enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.
E. coli phage.
During this process, DNA is transferred from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge.
When an animal virus remains in the cell in an inactive form.
The cycle in which a virulent phage kills the bacterial cell by lysis as the phage is released.
This cycle begins when the lambda phage chromosome integrates into the host cell's DNA by crossing over. Once integrated, the lambda genes are mostly inactive.
Integrated viral DNA.
Includes phages such as T2 and T4.
Layer of protein surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
Transferring DNA using a virus.
Virus with an RNA genome that is copied into DNA.
Type of virus that does not kill a host cell in every replication cycle
Type of virus that kills a host cell in every replication cycle

Correct Answer

Enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.
E. coli phage.
During this process, DNA is transferred from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge.
When an animal virus remains in the cell in an inactive form.
The cycle in which a virulent phage kills the bacterial cell by lysis as the phage is released.
This cycle begins when the lambda phage chromosome integrates into the host cell's DNA by crossing over. Once integrated, the lambda genes are mostly inactive.
Integrated viral DNA.
Includes phages such as T2 and T4.
Layer of protein surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
Transferring DNA using a virus.
Virus with an RNA genome that is copied into DNA.
Type of virus that does not kill a host cell in every replication cycle
Type of virus that kills a host cell in every replication cycle

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.

Premises
Latent stage
Responses
Layer of protein surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
When an animal virus remains in the cell in an inactive form.
Transferring DNA using a virus.
Integrated viral DNA.
Enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.
Virus with an RNA genome that is copied into DNA.
Type of virus that does not kill a host cell in every replication cycle
During this process, DNA is transferred from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge.
E. coli phage.
Type of virus that kills a host cell in every replication cycle
Includes phages such as T2 and T4.
The cycle in which a virulent phage kills the bacterial cell by lysis as the phage is released.
This cycle begins when the lambda phage chromosome integrates into the host cell's DNA by crossing over. Once integrated, the lambda genes are mostly inactive.

Correct Answer

Layer of protein surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
When an animal virus remains in the cell in an inactive form.
Transferring DNA using a virus.
Integrated viral DNA.
Enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.
Virus with an RNA genome that is copied into DNA.
Type of virus that does not kill a host cell in every replication cycle
During this process, DNA is transferred from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge.
E. coli phage.
Type of virus that kills a host cell in every replication cycle
Includes phages such as T2 and T4.
The cycle in which a virulent phage kills the bacterial cell by lysis as the phage is released.
This cycle begins when the lambda phage chromosome integrates into the host cell's DNA by crossing over. Once integrated, the lambda genes are mostly inactive.

Genetic recombination can occur ____.


A) during DNA replication
B) during asexual reproduction
C) during mitosis
D) from an Hfr X F- conjugation
E) from an F+ X F- conjugation

Correct Answer

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A complete viral particle is called a ____. ​


A) capsule
B) virion ​
C) capsid ​
D) viroid ​
E) prophage ​

Correct Answer

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Match each virus with its structure.

Premises
Herpes virus
Responses
Complex polyhedral virus
Helical virus
Enveloped virus
Polyhedral virus

Correct Answer

Complex polyhedral virus
Helical virus
Enveloped virus
Polyhedral virus

All viruses ____. ​


A) are parasites of the host they infect
B) replicate in the same way ​
C) share the same structure
D) use the same mechanisms for gene expression
E) enter host cells in the same manner

Correct Answer

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According to research done by Baron and Prado, how do prions move within the CNS? ​


A) They use receptors on the surfaces of nerve cells.
B) They use vesicles found inside the nerve cells. ​
C) They use tunneling nanotubes. ​
D) They pinch off the nerve cell membrane. ​
E) They stick to the outer surfaces of nerve cells. ​

Correct Answer

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How do the constituents of liquid medium differ from solid, gel-like medium? ​


A) Liquid medium contains agar, a polysaccharide extracted from algae.
B) Solid medium contains agar, a polysaccharide extracted from algae. ​
C) Solid medium contains agar, a complex lipid extracted from bacterial membranes. ​
D) Liquid medium contains more salts, which lower the freezing point. ​
E) Solid medium contains more fatty acids, which raise the melting point.

Correct Answer

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Viruses ____. ​


A) can reproduce independently
B) are made up of cells ​
C) grow and develop ​
D) generate metabolic energy ​
E) adapt very readily over time ​

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The purpose of the sex pilus is to ____. ​


A) connect bacterial cells so a cytoplasmic bridge can form for conjugation
B) form a gap junction between bacterial cells for conjugation ​
C) facilitate cytoplasmic exchange ​
D) enable bacteriophage infection ​
E) lyse the cell ​

Correct Answer

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Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.

Premises
Transduction
Responses
Type of virus that kills a host cell in every replication cycle
Layer of protein surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
Type of virus that does not kill a host cell in every replication cycle
When an animal virus remains in the cell in an inactive form.
This cycle begins when the lambda phage chromosome integrates into the host cell's DNA by crossing over. Once integrated, the lambda genes are mostly inactive.
The cycle in which a virulent phage kills the bacterial cell by lysis as the phage is released.
Integrated viral DNA.
Transferring DNA using a virus.
During this process, DNA is transferred from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge.
Enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.
Includes phages such as T2 and T4.
E. coli phage.
Virus with an RNA genome that is copied into DNA.

Correct Answer

Type of virus that kills a host cell in every replication cycle
Layer of protein surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
Type of virus that does not kill a host cell in every replication cycle
When an animal virus remains in the cell in an inactive form.
This cycle begins when the lambda phage chromosome integrates into the host cell's DNA by crossing over. Once integrated, the lambda genes are mostly inactive.
The cycle in which a virulent phage kills the bacterial cell by lysis as the phage is released.
Integrated viral DNA.
Transferring DNA using a virus.
During this process, DNA is transferred from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge.
Enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.
Includes phages such as T2 and T4.
E. coli phage.
Virus with an RNA genome that is copied into DNA.

Laboratory strains of E. coli ____. ​


A) undergo meiosis
B) divide every 2 hours ​
C) can be transformed but not conjugated ​
D) have been engineered to produce human insulin ​
E) are harmful to humans ​

Correct Answer

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A virus in a lysogenic cycle is referred to as a ____. ​


A) prophage
B) virulent phage
C) artificial phage
D) T-even phage
E) lytic phage

Correct Answer

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Conjugation, transduction, and transformation are the three main mechanisms for gene transfer between bacteria. Compare these three mechanisms in terms of how DNA is transferred.

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Conjugation involves the transfer of DNA...

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Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.

Premises
Reverse transcriptase
Responses
This cycle begins when the lambda phage chromosome integrates into the host cell's DNA by crossing over. Once integrated, the lambda genes are mostly inactive.
Enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.
Transferring DNA using a virus.
The cycle in which a virulent phage kills the bacterial cell by lysis as the phage is released.
E. coli phage.
During this process, DNA is transferred from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge.
Type of virus that does not kill a host cell in every replication cycle
Layer of protein surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
When an animal virus remains in the cell in an inactive form.
Includes phages such as T2 and T4.
Virus with an RNA genome that is copied into DNA.
Integrated viral DNA.
Type of virus that kills a host cell in every replication cycle

Correct Answer

This cycle begins when the lambda phage chromosome integrates into the host cell's DNA by crossing over. Once integrated, the lambda genes are mostly inactive.
Enzyme that can make DNA from RNA.
Transferring DNA using a virus.
The cycle in which a virulent phage kills the bacterial cell by lysis as the phage is released.
E. coli phage.
During this process, DNA is transferred from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge.
Type of virus that does not kill a host cell in every replication cycle
Layer of protein surrounding the viral nucleic acid.
When an animal virus remains in the cell in an inactive form.
Includes phages such as T2 and T4.
Virus with an RNA genome that is copied into DNA.
Integrated viral DNA.
Type of virus that kills a host cell in every replication cycle

Bacteriophage lambda ____. ​


A) is a temperate phage
B) is a virulent phage ​
C) infects plant cells ​
D) infects animal cells ​
E) is a T-even phage ​

Correct Answer

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After conjugation between an F+ cell and an F- cell, does the F- cell remain as F- or does it become F+? After conjugation between an Hfr cell and an F- cell, does the F- cell remain as F- or does it become F+? Explain each answer.

Correct Answer

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After conjugation between F+ and F- cell...

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Viruses with a tail attached at one side of a polyhedral head are called ____. ​


A) simple viruses
B) helical viruses ​
C) enveloped viruses ​
D) complex viruses ​
E) viroids ​

Correct Answer

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