Exam 11: Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

A) are separated during anaphase I
B) have different alleles for the same genes ​
C) are replicated before meiosis I and II ​
D) are replicated before meiosis II ​
E) have identical DNA sequences ​

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A) one diploid cell fertilizing a haploid cell
B) the union of two somatic cells ​
C) the union of male and female gametes ​
D) a single mitotic division of the parent cell to produce a daughter cell ​
E) the union of two gametes to produce a haploid zygote ​

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A) randomly
B) that contain a greater number of paternal chromosomes ​
C) that contain a greater number of maternal chromosomes ​
D) with the fewest mutations ​
E) with the best adaptive traits ​

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A) completely different between the two sexes
B) partially homologous but also have unique regions ​
C) found only in males
D) unable to line up properly at the metaphase plate ​
E) completely homologous but always have different alleles ​

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The two stages of meiosis that are the m...

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Animals spend most of their life cycle i...

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A) recombination of homologous chromosomes only
B) independent assortment of chromosomes only ​
C) random joining of male and female gametes only ​
D) recombination between sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes ​
E) recombination of homologous chromosomes, independent assortment of chromosomes, and random joining of male and female gametes ​

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A) alternation between haploid and diploid generations
B) two haploid generations followed by a diploid generation
C) one haploid generation followed by two diploid generations
D) a single generation that limits the haploid state to gametes while the rest of the organism is diploid
E) a single generation that limits the diploid state to gametes while the rest of the organism is haploid

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A) CYP26B1does not regulate germ cell development.
B) CYP26B1regulates germ cell development in humans and rats but not in mice and zebrafish. ​
C) CYP26B1's role in regulating germ cell development is conserved. ​
D) CYP26B1's role in regulating germ cell development varies largely among species. ​
E) It is impossible to draw any conclusions from this finding. ​

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A) spores
B) sporophytes
C) gametophytes ​
D) spermatozoa ​
E) ova ​

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A) both end in fertilization
B) both are multicellular ​
C) both are immediately followed by meiosis ​
D) both contain sporophytes ​
E) both contain spores ​

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A) Wingless female aphids can produce clones of female offspring by laying eggs.
B) When the amount of food available in the environment increases, the number of male offspring increases. ​
C) Wingless female aphids only produce female clones, and these clones are made without the mother laying eggs. ​
D) Different proportions of winged male, non-egg-laying female, and egg-laying female offspring are produced based on the temperature and amount of daylight. ​
E) Environmental conditions do not affect the sexuality of wingless female aphid offspring; sexuality is only determined genetically. ​

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A) humpback whale
B) chimpanzee ​
C) algae ​
D) bacteria ​
E) all plants and some fungi ​

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A) 4 diploid; one diploid
B) 4 haploid; one haploid ​
C) 2 diploid; 4 haploid ​
D) 4 haploid; 2 diploid ​
E) 4 haploid; 3 haploid ​

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A) two changed and two unchanged chromatids
B) four unchanged chromatids ​
C) four changed chromatids ​
D) a random number of changed vs. unchanged chromatids ​
E) one unchanged and three changed chromatids ​

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