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Compare and contrast Type I and Type III survivorship curves. Sketch a correctly labeled graph to support your comparison. BONUS: Identify two organisms that represent each of the two types of survivorship strategies discussed here.

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The sketch should resemble Figure 53-8. ...

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Refer to the accompanying figure. At which point do the environmental limits begin to slow the growth rate?


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) There are considerable environmental limits on all regions of the graph.

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The best definition of population density is the number of individuals:


A) of all species in a given area.
B) of one species in a given area.
C) in a given area at a given time.
D) of all species in a given area at a given time.
E) of one species in a given area at a given time.

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Match the population-influencing factor or definition with its type.

Premises
Generally causes an increase in death rate
Responses
Density independent
Density dependent

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Density independent
Density dependent

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a metapopulation?


A) Varying levels of precipitation, soil moisture, and other properties
B) Recolonization of vacant habitat
C) Heterogeneous species dispersal
D) Homogeneous species dispersal
E) Dispersal among several local populations

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Figure 53-2 ​ Figure 53-2 ​   ​ On the accompanying figure, identify the point that indicates the carrying capacity for this population. A)  A B)  B C)  C D)  D E)  Cannot be determined from this graph. ​ On the accompanying figure, identify the point that indicates the carrying capacity for this population.


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) Cannot be determined from this graph.

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What is perhaps the most common of the dispersal patterns seen in nature?


A) Random dispersion
B) Disaggregated dispersion
C) Uniform dispersion
D) Density-dependent distribution
E) Clumped dispersion

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The moose population on Isle Royale is an example of:


A) interspecific exploitation competition.
B) intraspecific exploitation competition.
C) interspecific contest competition.
D) intraspecific contest competition.
E) both intraspecific contest competition and scramble competition.

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Figure 53-5 ​ Figure 53-5 ​   ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. A population that produces a large number of offspring, but the offspring must survive independently, would be represented by the curve labeled: A)  A. B)  B. C)  C. D)  either A or B. E)  either A, B, or C. ​ Refer to the accompanying figure. A population that produces a large number of offspring, but the offspring must survive independently, would be represented by the curve labeled:


A) A.
B) B.
C) C.
D) either A or B.
E) either A, B, or C.

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At zero population growth:


A) b = d.
B) b > d.
C) b d.
D) r > 0.
E) r > K .

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When r = 0.00001, the population size:


A) will increase.
B) will decrease.
C) is stable.
D) may increase or decrease, depending on K .
E) may increase or decrease, depending on i .

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Figure 53-1 ​ Figure 53-1 ​   ​ The equation that would best describe the curve in the accompanying figure is: A)  dN / dt = r . B)  dN / dt = N . C)  dN / dt = rN . D)  dN / dt = rN + I − e . E)  dN / dt = rN ( K − N ) . ​ The equation that would best describe the curve in the accompanying figure is:


A) dN / dt = r .
B) dN / dt = N .
C) dN / dt = rN .
D) dN / dt = rN + I − e .
E) dN / dt = rN ( K − N ) .

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Consumption overpopulation occurs when each individual in a population consumes too large a share of resources.

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The British clergyman and economist Malthus was one of the first to recognize which of the following?


A) Human populations cannot continue to increase indefinitely.
B) Animals arrange themselves into populations.
C) Some species are r -strategists.
D) Some species are K -strategists.
E) Not all species can be classified as exclusively r -strategists or K -strategists.

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When the size of a population begins to approach K, we can expect that the growth rate will:


A) rapidly increase.
B) slowly increase.
C) decline.
D) stabilize.
E) the answer is not predictable.

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Match the population-influencing factor or definition with its type.

Premises
Typically studied in laboratories
Responses
Density dependent
Density independent

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Density dependent
Density independent

Figure 53-3 ​ Figure 53-3 ​   ​ According to the data in the accompanying figure, the cause of the decline of the wolf population in 1982 was: A)  a sharp decrease in food supply. B)  a decrease in the intrinsic rate of increase for the wolf population. C)  competition with a newly introduced predator. D)  introduction of a disease organism. E)  cannot be determined from the data provided. ​ According to the data in the accompanying figure, the cause of the decline of the wolf population in 1982 was:


A) a sharp decrease in food supply.
B) a decrease in the intrinsic rate of increase for the wolf population.
C) competition with a newly introduced predator.
D) introduction of a disease organism.
E) cannot be determined from the data provided.

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People overpopulation is the current problem in many developing nations.

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Clumped dispersion is often influenced by:


A) the presence of strange groups.
B) sexual reproduction in plants or invertebrates.
C) unlimited seed dispersal in plants.
D) a patchy distribution of resources.
E) homogenous environments.

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Which of the following consists of organisms, all of which share a common gene pool?


A) A community
B) A population
C) A biosphere
D) An ecosystem
E) A landscape

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