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Humans and New World monkeys both have a 2.1.2.3 dental formula.

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Explain the different characteristics of diet and teeth among primates.

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Primates have a wide range of diets, whi...

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The primate emphasis on the visual sense is NOT reflected in


A) the reduction in the size of structures related to the sense of smell.
B) the presence of color vision in most species.
C) a more forward facing position of the eyes relative to most other mammals.
D) fully developed olfactory perception
E) visual information from each eye being transmitted to visual centers in both hemispheres of the brain.

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D

Name the two suborders of primates, and give an example of each one.

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The two suborders of primates are:

1. S...

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Among the apes, the ________ have the smallest average body sizes.


A) gibbons and siamangs
B) bonobos
C) chimpanzees
D) macaques
E) orangutans

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Bonobos are


A) the most thoroughly studied primate species.
B) in the same genus as the gorilla.
C) behaviorally indistinguishable from "common" chimpanzees.
D) in the same genus as the "common" chimpanzee.
E) almost exclusively arboreal.

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The most primitive primates are the


A) Old World monkeys.
B) New World monkeys.
C) lemurs and lorises.
D) humans.
E) great apes.

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Some Old World monkeys spend much of the day on the ground, despite living in forest or woodland habitat areas.

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Tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and humans are placed together in the suborder


A) Homo .
B) Lorisoidea.
C) Hominoidea .
D) Haplorhini .
E) Strepsirhini .

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D

Describe the main characteristics of the infraorder "lemuriforms" and give examples.

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The infraorder Lemuriforms includes a gr...

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Which of the following are NOT apes?


A) Gorillas
B) Orangutans
C) Bonobos
D) Chimpanzees
E) Lemurs

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In September 2000, scientists announced that a subspecies of red colobus, named Miss Waldron's Red Colobus, had officially been declared extinct.

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Lemurs and lorises are placed in the suborder Strepsirrhini .

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A dental formula tells biologists the


A) number of teeth an animal possesses.
B) type of tooth predominant in a species.
C) type of food an animal eats by the types of teeth it has.
D) number of each type of tooth on the upper and lower jaws.
E) number of each type of tooth type in each quadrant of the mouth.

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Primates are found ONLY in tropical and semitropical habitats of the Old World and North America.

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Describe the main threats that nonhuman primates face today and the conservation groups working to protect them.

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Nonhuman primates face a variety of thre...

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Name five of the most highly endangered nonhuman primate species and the particular type of threats they face.

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1. Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) - The Hainan gibbon is critically endangered due to habitat loss from deforestation and hunting. 2. Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) - This species is threatened by habitat loss from deforestation, as well as hunting and human-wildlife conflict. 3. Cross River gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) - The Cross River gorilla is endangered due to habitat loss from deforestation, as well as hunting and poaching. 4. Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) - This species is at risk due to habitat loss from deforestation, as well as the illegal pet trade and traditional medicine use. 5. Miss Waldron's red colobus (Piliocolobus waldronae) - This primate is critically endangered due to habitat loss from deforestation, as well as hunting and human-wildlife conflict.

Compare chimpanzee and bonobo anatomy and social behavior.

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Chimpanzees and bonobos are both great a...

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The genus and species designation for the "common" chimpanzee is


A) Pan paniscus .
B) Pan gorilla .
C) Pongo paniscus .
D) Pan troglodytes .
E) Pongo troglodytes .

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Chimpanzees are found


A) across forested equatorial Africa as far east as Lake Tanganyika.
B) in Africa and India.
C) only in open savanna areas of Kenya.
D) only in the mountainous areas of central Africa.
E) in Africa, India, and southeast Asia.

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