Question 1

Shadow governments typically are found in three forms, which include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  private enterprise shadow governments, such as homeowners' associations.
B)  public-private partnership shadow governments, common examples of which are development corporations and business improvement districts.
C)  subsidiaries of conventional governments with unusual powers, such as area-wide planning commissions.
D)  nonprofit organizations, such as local chapters of the American Red Cross and the League of Women Voters.

Question 2

The simplest equation in infrastructure policy can be said that no infrastructure equals no development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Infrastructure generally refers to the physical network of a community-which includes roads, bridges, airports, water and sewer systems, etc.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Impact fees are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  simply taxes that are imposed on everyone.
B)  fees that encourage new development to create urban sprawl.
C)  charges levied on new development to offset some of the costs of providing services.
D)  charges imposed existing retail developments to encourage smart growth.

Question 5

Smart growth has the goal of all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  higher density with smaller lot sizes and taller buildings.
B)  greater reliance on public transportation and walking.
C)  more families and households with more cars.
D)  greater integration of housing, retail, and commercial activities.

Question 6

Infrastructure generally refers to the physical network of a community-which includes roads, bridges, airports, water and sewer systems, etc.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Maryland's policy to reward local governments that target new growth in areas that already have infrastructure, and denying state funding for infrastructure projects that encourage sprawl is an example of which type of policy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urban sprawl
B)  Shadow government
C)  Smart growth
D)  Second-order devolution

Question 8

The term that refers to development beyond the central city that is characterized by low population density, rapid land consumption, and dependence on the automobile is

Accepted Answer

A)  edge cities.
B)  edge sprawl.
C)  inelastic cities.
D)  urban sprawl.

Question 9

Governments have tried to create incentives for developers to produce low-income housing units and, if that fails, to build them themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Local officials express concern that neither their policy-making power nor their financial authority has kept pace with the increased administrative responsibilities placed on them by state governments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Second-order devolution refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a wave of devolution transferring some powers and a variety of responsibilities from local governments to subterranean governments.
B)  cities devolving power and responsibilities to shadow governments.
C)  a second wave of devolution that started in the late 1990s, where additional powers and responsibilities are being shifted from the federal government to state governments.
D)  a shift in power from state government to local government.

Question 12

Building codes illustrate the variability of state-local authority. Which of the following options are true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Twelve states have a mandatory statewide building code run by local governments and enforced by state officials.
B)  Thirteen states have mandatory statewide codes but do not have state oversight.
C)  Seventeen states have no comprehensive building codes, only local codes.
D)  All of the above are true.

Question 13

What is the future of rural America? Discuss the major reasons for the loss of population in rural areas and propose some solutions to those problems?

Accepted Answer

The future of rural America is a complex...

Question 14

Smart growth refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the development of more suburban office space to keep up with the creation of suburban malls.
B)  the movement to revitalize the inner city using enterprise zones.
C)  the resurgence of mass transportation in the cities.
D)  government efforts to limit urban sprawl by managing its growth and impact.

Question 15

Why do many argue that urban sprawl is a problem that should be faced by local, regional, and state governments? Discuss the ideas and policy aspects of smart growth and how they address the issue of urban sprawl.

Accepted Answer

Urban sprawl is a problem that many argu...

Question 16

States' departments of community affairs (DCAs) are specialized community agencies that

Accepted Answer

A)  offer services and programs to the federal government.
B)  offer a range of programs and services to local governments.
C)  are now defunct, but served a valuable purpose in the mid-1950s.
D)  have consistently failed to provide adequate advocacy for local governments.

Question 17

Dillon's Rule established in 1868 that local governments may exercise only those powers

Accepted Answer

A)  expressly granted to them by the state.
B)  clearly implied by the explicit powers.
C)  absolutely essential to the declared objectives and purposes of the local government.
D)  All of these choices.

Question 18

17.2 percent of people living in rural areas have incomes above the national average.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

State and local governments have had an ongoing love-hate relationship for years. Explain the legal, political, and financial inter-relationships between these two critical levels of government and how they can work better together.

Accepted Answer

The relationship between state and local...

Question 20

From a state government perspective, which of the following is not considered a benefit of state mandates?

Accepted Answer

A)  They ensure that vital activities are performed and desirable goals are achieved.
B)  They promote uniformity of policy from one jurisdiction to another.
C)  All municipalities and counties have the same resources to fund these mandates.
D)  Promote coordination and efficiency among adjacent jurisdictions that provide services jointly.

Exam 12: State Local Relations

Second-order devolution refers to

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The simplest equation in infrastructure policy can be said that no infrastructure equals no development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dillon's Rule established in 1868 that local governments may exercise only those powers

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infrastructure generally refers to the physical network of a community-which includes roads, bridges, airports, water and sewer systems, etc.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do many argue that urban sprawl is a problem that should be faced by local, regional, and state governments? Discuss the ideas and policy aspects of smart growth and how they address the issue of urban sprawl.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIUrban sprawl is a problem that many argu...View AnswerShow Answer

Smart growth refers to

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Maryland's policy to reward local governments that target new growth in areas that already have infrastructure, and denying state funding for infrastructure projects that encourage sprawl is an example of which type of policy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Smart growth has the goal of all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

From a state government perspective, which of the following is not considered a benefit of state mandates?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Local officials express concern that neither their policy-making power nor their financial authority has kept pace with the increased administrative responsibilities placed on them by state governments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term that refers to development beyond the central city that is characterized by low population density, rapid land consumption, and dependence on the automobile is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

States' departments of community affairs (DCAs) are specialized community agencies that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Impact fees are best described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Governments have tried to create incentives for developers to produce low-income housing units and, if that fails, to build them themselves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

State and local governments have had an ongoing love-hate relationship for years. Explain the legal, political, and financial inter-relationships between these two critical levels of government and how they can work better together.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe relationship between state and local...View AnswerShow Answer

17.2 percent of people living in rural areas have incomes above the national average.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shadow governments typically are found in three forms, which include all of the following except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the future of rural America? Discuss the major reasons for the loss of population in rural areas and propose some solutions to those problems?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe future of rural America is a complex...View AnswerShow Answer

Building codes illustrate the variability of state-local authority. Which of the following options are true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infrastructure generally refers to the physical network of a community-which includes roads, bridges, airports, water and sewer systems, etc.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Urban sprawl is a problem that many argu...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The relationship between state and local...
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The future of rural America is a complex...
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Correct Answer
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