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Exam 1: Introduction to the Science of Psychology

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Question 31

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Brianna wishes to understand how consciousness helps people to cope with their environment. To study this, she observes people and conducts experiments dealing with memory and the changing pattern of images and sensations people experience. She would most likely be classified as a ____.​

A) structuralist
B) functionalist
C) behaviorist
D) Gestaltist

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Question 32

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Within a scientific discipline, the focus of investigation is often cyclical in nature. In psychology, the cycle is represented by an emphasis on the study of ____ in the 1880s and on the study of ____ in the 1980s.​

A) overt behavior; physiological reactions
B) conscious experience; cognitive processes
C) perception; sensation
D) consciousness; overt behavior

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Question 33

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Elvira must decide between two jobs, one in Alaska and one in Hawaii. The job in Alaska will require her to give up her own goal of living in a warmer climate, but it would honor her family's preference that she live near them. Elvira will be most likely to accept the job in Alaska if she identifies with the values of a(n) ____ culture.​

Dr. Foust studies the causes and treatment of schizophrenia. Dr. Foust is most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.​

A philosopher who claims that "life is directed by one's thoughts" would be stating a position most consistent with the ____ approach to psychology.​

Scientific psychology is empirical because it relies on information from ____.​

Dr. Jamison is conducting a study examining the emotional and behavioral changes that occur during puberty. Dr. Jamison is especially interested in how these changes are associated with changes in hormones. The subfield of psychology Dr. Jamison is likely interested in is ____ psychology.​

Aaron believes that drug abuse occurs because abusers produce more of certain brain chemicals and because they perceive drugs to be their salvation. Aaron advocates which two approaches in psychology?​

Cicely is trying to prevent teenage inner-city boys from joining gangs. She has set up a program in the boys' neighborhood to teach job skills. Cicely is most likely a ____ psychologist.​

Jorie thinks that the attention her little brother gets when he has tantrums actually encourages him to have more tantrums. Jorie's explanation is based on a____ approach.​

Functional analysis of behavior was developed by B.F. Skinner to understand how punishment and reward ____.​

Dr. Vance is attempting to discover where emotional experience is localized in the brain by using brain imaging technology. Dr. Vance works in the subfield of ____ psychology.​

J. B., a tennis player, finds it difficult to concentrate when playing against a higher ranked opponent. Whom should J. B. hire to help him focus his attention?​

Tim is telling his parents about his classes this semester. One of his classes, Introductory Psychology,has made him think about becoming a psychologist. His parents ask him what exactly it is that psychologists do. Tim could best answer this by stating that all psychologists are involved in _____ some aspect of behavior and mental processes.

During lunch, Tara says, "I am reading this book called On the Origin of Species , and the author has some really bizarre ideas about why we think and act as we do." Thom replies, "Yeah, I read that book. It was written by Charles Darwin. I liked the discussion on ____." ​

A psychologist whose primary research interest is in studying the relationship between mental information processing and overt behavior would most likely be associated with which approach to psychology?​

"Anything that cannot be observed and measured directly is not worth studying." Which psychologists are most likely to agree with this statement?​

Clyde is conducting a study on drug abuse. "People abuse drugs to deal with internal conflicts between their own instincts on how to behave versus the social rules of behavior," Clyde says. Most likely, Clyde follows the ____ approach to psychology.​

Sue wants to quit smoking, but she cannot seem to kick the addiction. A psychologist who takes a____ approach might tell Sue that she keeps smoking because her brain is chemically dependent on the drug.​

The tasks of a(n) ____ psychologist include improving supervisors' leadership skills, creating maximum-efficiency work groups, and suggesting other research-based programs designed to increase efficiency.​