A) send probes to measure the temperature.
B) use hot gas to create a small Sun in a laboratory.
C) monitor changes in Earth's atmosphere.
D) use computer models to predict interior conditions.
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A) they are regions where convection carries cooler material downward.
B) strong magnetic fields slow convection and prevent hot plasma from entering the region.
C) magnetic fields trap ionized gases that absorb light.
D) there is less fusion occurring there.
E) magnetic fields lift material from the surface of the Sun,cooling off the material faster.
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A) the Sun is made of material that acts like a liquid acts on Earth.
B) the Sun is made of atoms and molecules.
C) the Sun consists of gas in which many or most of the atoms are ionized (missing electrons) .
D) the Sun is roughly the same color as blood.
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The solar thermostat is analogous to the...View Answer
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A) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light,and the corona is the source of X-rays.
B) The chromosphere is the source of infrared light,and the corona is the source of ultraviolet light.
C) The chromosphere is the source of X-rays,and the corona is the source of radio waves.
D) The convection zone is the source of ultraviolet light,and the upper photosphere is the source of X-rays.
E) Radio waves can pass directly through the gas which allows us to see the core.
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A) Energy slowly leaks outward through the diffusion of photons that repeatedly bounce off ions and electrons.
B) Energy is produced in the convection zone by nuclear fusion.
C) Energy is transported outward by the rising of hot plasma and the sinking of cooler plasma.
D) Energy is consumed in the convection zone by the creation of electrons and positrons.
E) Energy is conserved so while the gas moves up and down,there is no net transport of energy.
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A) 3 H ⇒ 1 Li + energy.
B) 3 He ⇒ 1 C + energy.
C) 4 H ⇒ 4 He + energy.
D) 6 H ⇒ 1 He + energy.
E) 4 H ⇒ 1 He + energy.
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A) gravitational contraction of the Sun
B) wave motions in the solar interior
C) variations of the solar thermostat
D) the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation
E) the interaction of the Earth's magnetic field with that of the Sun
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A) 5000 AD.
B) 5 million years.
C) 5 billion years.
D) 50 billion years.
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A) The Sun maintains a steady temperature.
B) There is a balance within the Sun between the outward push of pressure and the inward pull of gravity.
C) The hydrogen gas in the Sun is balanced so that it never rises upward or falls downward.
D) The Sun always has the same amount of mass,creating the same gravitational force.
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A) The Sun generates energy by fusing small nuclei into larger ones,while our power plants generate energy by the fission (splitting) of large nuclei.
B) Both processes involve nuclear fusion,but the Sun fuses hydrogen while nuclear power plants fuse uranium.
C) The Sun generates energy through nuclear reactions while nuclear power plants generate energy through chemical reactions.
D) The Sun generates energy through fission while nuclear power plants generate energy through fusion.
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A) regions on the photosphere where magnetic lines poke through,creating the cooler areas of the sunspots
B) areas of the corona where magnetic field lines project into space,allowing charged particles to escape the Sun,becoming part of the solar wind
C) holes in the corona of the Sun that allow us to see the photosphere
D) tunnels in the outer layers of the Sun through which photons can escape more quickly than through the radiation zone
E) all of the above
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A) the electromagnetic force and gravity
B) outward pressure and the strong force
C) outward pressure and inward gravity
D) the strong force and gravity
E) the strong force and kinetic energy
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Astronomers create mathematical models t...View Answer
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A) watts
B) joules
C) Newtons
D) kilograms
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A) the specific set of nuclear reactions through which the Sun fuses hydrogen into helium.
B) the linkage of numerous protons into long chains.
C) another name for the force that holds protons together in atomic nuclei.
D) an alternative way of generating energy that is different from the fusion of hydrogen into helium.
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The Sun was once postulated to be a cool...View Answer
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A) About a thousand trillion neutrinos are passing through your body every second.
B) Neutrinos are created as a by-product of the proton-proton chain.
C) Neutrinos have no electrical charge.
D) Neutrinos have a tendency to pass through just about anything without interactions,making them very difficult to detect.
E) The mass of a neutrino is 30 percent of the mass of an electron.
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