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Which of the following statements most accurately reflects humanistic assumptions?


A) All people naturally tend toward growth and strive for self-actualization, a process of becoming authentically human.
B) The therapist is an expert who assumes the primary responsibility for identifying pathology, problems, and goals, often assuming the role of teacher or mentor.
C) An individual's behavior and symptoms always make sense in the person's broader relational contexts.
D) What a person experiences as "real" and believes to be "true" is shaped primarily through language and relationships.

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__________ is the study of knowledge and the process of knowing.


A) Systems theory
B) Epistemology
C) Cybernetics
D) Complementarity

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According to postmodern therapists, the meaning a person gives to a particular behavior, haircut, job, sex act, or religious view is developed through:


A) language
B) relationships
C) action
D) construction

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__________ therapies are based on the premise that objective truth can never be fully known because it must always pass through subjective and intersubjective filters.


A) Modernist
B) Humanistic
C) Systemic
D) Postmodernist

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The Macy Conferences gave birth to which two theories that ultimately describe how biological, social, and mechanical systems operate?


A) Intergenerational theory and external-generational theory
B) Negative feedback theory and cybernetic systems theory
C) General systems theory and cybernetic systems theory
D) Postmodern theory and cognitive theory

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__________ is founded on the assumption that there is an external and knowable "truth."


A) Modernism
B) Humanism
C) Systems theory
D) Postmodernism

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Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding epistemology?


A) It refers to the systemic principles of the observing system.
B) It represents the operating premises that underlie a family's actions and cognitions.
C) It is a particular strand of postmodern philosophy.
D) It represents the natural evolution and continuation of systemic concepts.

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Which of the following descriptions best captures the postmodern spirit?


A) When a couple comes in for therapy with entirely different perspectives on the same problem, the therapist works to weave the stories together
B) When a couple comes in for therapy with entirely different perspectives on the same problem, the therapist works to figure out who is right
C) When a couple comes in for therapy with entirely different perspectives on the same problem, the therapist works to build a hierarchy
D) When a couple comes in for therapy with entirely different perspectives on the same problem, the therapist is interested in figuring out who is wrong

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Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding positive feedback?


A) Positive feedback is news that things are within expected parameters.
B) Positive feedback can be experienced as a problem or crisis.
C) Positive feedback can be experienced as good news.
D) Positive feedback can result in a return to former homeostasis or create a new homeostasis.

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The elements of a communicated message include __________ (content) and __________ (relationship) .


A) stories; truths
B) definitions; data
C) primary; secondary
D) report; command

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Postmodern theory offers many possibilities for family therapy. However, which of the following could be considered a DISADVANTAGE of applying the postmodern perspective?


A) Some of the ideas of postmodern theory are a bit complex or difficult to quickly grasp.
B) Some of the ideas of postmodern theory are a bit oversimplified or lead therapists to make quick assumptions about their clients.
C) Postmodern theory fails to challenge established norms in a society.
D) Postmodern theory assumes that reality is objective.

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Which of the following depictions best describes Deteriorating Interpersonal Patterns (DIPs) ?


A) They describe the beliefs, values, and societal discourses that inform interpersonal interaction patterns.
B) Any interaction that facilitates moving from a PIP to WIP.
C) Behaviors that typically lead to a slip into a pathologizing interpersonal pattern.
D) Behaviors that bring forth competence, positivity, and intimacy.

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According to postmodernism, the construction of reality is a complex process that involves four levels, including which one of the following?


A) Literal level
B) Professional level
C) Rational level
D) Societal level

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Family therapists pay careful attention to the family's epistemology. What does this mean?


A) Understanding the operating premises that underlie family actions and cognitions
B) Assuming that what families believe to be true is true
C) Disregarding how the observer and the observed reciprocally affect each other
D) Relying on assumptions to understand families

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New information or news experienced in a system is referred to as which of the following?


A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Universal feedback
D) General feedback

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Which of the following is an accurate reflection of a symmetrical relationship?


A) Partners have an unequal relationship in the system.
B) Partners have evenly distributed abilities and roles in the system.
C) Partners have distinct, separate roles that balance the system.
D) Partners have roles that result in a hierarchy for the system.

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According to the author of the textbook, philosophical foundations of family therapies are divided into four main categories, including each of the following EXCEPT:


A) modernist.
B) humanistic.
C) systemic.
D) realistic.

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In therapy, you are working with parents and their 11-year-old daughter. In the beginning, both parents want their daughter to take more responsibility for getting her homework and chores done; however, their daughter does not want to give up her childhood and assume personal responsibility. In the early stages of therapy, a shift occurs, and suddenly you notice the daughter pulling away from her parents and doing more things on her own, while her parents begin lamenting the days when their daughter needed them more. This is an example of:


A) radical change.
B) expected change.
C) first-order change.
D) second-order change.

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Of the various postmodern schools, which of the following philosophies were family therapists the first to embrace?


A) Constructivist
B) Social constructionist
C) Structuralist
D) Poststructuralist

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How does postmodern philosophy heighten awareness of diversity issues?


A) Postmodernists define what is normal
B) Postmodernists accept singular truths
C) Postmodernists see multiple realties and multiple truths
D) Postmodernists know what a "good" life is for their clients

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