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Exam 15: Juvenile Justice

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Question 21

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Critics of which approach suggest that the group of youth that peaked during the early 1990s was not at all exceptional with respect to involvement in violence in their younger years?

A) Cohort
B) Economic determinism
C) Environmental
D) Lowering divorce rates
E) Gangs

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Question 22

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According to the U.S. Supreme Court, it is constitutional for juvenile offenders to receive the sentence of life without parole for nonhomicide offenses.

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Question 23

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This is the trial stage of the juvenile justice process.

When court officials __________ jurisdiction, they transfer the juvenile case to the adult court.

Under common law, children were exempt from criminal responsibility until the age of:

Mary Elizabeth is a recent college graduate and has begun a new position as a juvenile court counselor. She is extremely motivated to make a difference in the lives she will come in contact with, and has envisioned this for the last two years of her college career. Mary Elizabeth was pleasantly surprised that several of her clients had committed curfew violations and other similar offenses called:

How have criminologists attempted to explain the epidemic of violent crime committed by juveniles in the 1990s?

In England, the doctrine that allowed the courts to hold protective jurisdiction over all children was called:

How have the conservative crime control policies that have affected the adult criminal justice system influenced children in training schools and detention centers?

Social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Tumbler have become go-to sites for many juveniles. These sites allow for kids to socialize with anyone and everyone from wherever they are at the moment. These sites have also become difficult for those in authority to control. Suzanne Kenny is not alone in the pain she has endured. It is estimated that ____ percent of juveniles have committed cyber bullying.

Which Supreme Court case began the "kids are different" period?

The juvenile court processing of delinquency cases begins with a referral in the form of a(n) __________.

One explanation for the explosion in youth crime in the 1980s and into the 1990s was the "cohort" argument.

Social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Tumbler have become go-to sites for many juveniles. These sites allow for kids to socialize with anyone and everyone from wherever they are at the moment. These sites have also become difficult for those in authority to control. Suzanne Kenny had been bullied for the last several months of school. She finally could not endure the punishment anymore after receiving a Facebook post saying such was fat, ugly, and friendless. This would be considered what type of crime?

Are neglected and dependent children more likely to become delinquent juveniles? Why would this be so? Can this be prevented?

The Supreme Court ruled in McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971) that juveniles do not have the right to:

In theory, juvenile proceedings are designed to be nonadversarial.

For which offense are juveniles most likely to be arrested?

The first law pertaining to juveniles in the United States was called the Massachusetts ___________ law.

Judge Elaine Smith is assigned to the Department of Juvenile Justice. She has been in her position for eight years. She has recently seen a change in the attitude of many of the juveniles who come through her courtroom. She loves her position, but sometimes gets weighed down by the assembly-line system of justice we offer our juveniles. On Tuesda y morning , Judge Smit h ha d a 1 5- yea r- old who had numerou s truanc y charge s against her . Even though the gir l ha s misse d severa l day so f school , she stil l has a 4. 0 GPA . Which of the following would Not be an option for Judge Smit h ?