Question 1

Define the terms reinforcer and punisher . How do these terms differ from the terms reinforcement and punishment ?

Accepted Answer

The terms reinforcer and punisher refer ...

Question 2

Money and social attention are common examples of _____ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A)   primary
B)   intrinsic
C)   unconditioned
D)   generalized

Question 3

Under what three conditions does extrinsic reinforcement undermine intrinsic interest? Under what two conditions does extrinsic reinforcement enhance intrinsic interest?

Accepted Answer

Extrinsic reinforcement undermines intri...

Question 4

Operant behaviors are usually defined as a _____ because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   class of responses; such a definition makes naturalistic observation easier
B)   specific response; behaviorists prefer specificity in measurement
C)   class of responses; they incorporate all responses that are capable of producing the consequence
D)   specific response; cumulative recorders can only record specific responses

Question 5

A spanking is a punisher if it

Accepted Answer

A)   follows a behavior.
B)   precedes a behavior.
C)   decreases the probability of a behavior.
D)   Both a and c are correct.

Question 6

An SD is a stimulus that

Accepted Answer

A)   increases the probability of a certain behavior.
B)   signals that a response will be followed by a reinforcer.
C)   decreases the probability of a certain behavior.
D)   both a and c are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following conditions must be met for a response to be considered an operant?

Accepted Answer

A)   Its occurrence results in the delivery of a certain consequence.
B)   The consequence affects the future probability of the response.
C)   The response is elicited by the antecedent stimulus.
D)   Both a and b are correct.

Question 8

An electric shock is a reinforcer if it

Accepted Answer

A)   follows a behavior.
B)   precedes a behavior.
C)   increases the probability of a behavior.
D)   Both a and c are correct.

Question 9

Research has shown that rats that have been reinforced for emitting lever presses will subsequently

Accepted Answer

A)   run faster down an alleyway to obtain food.
B)   run more slowly down an alleyway to obtain food.
C)   show a generalized tendency to be lazy.
D)   Both b and c are correct.

Question 10

Innate is to learned as a(n)  _____ reinforcer is to a(n)  _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)   secondary; primary
B)   primary; secondary
C)   intrinsic; extrinsic
D)   extrinsic; intrinsic

Question 11

Behaviorists have found it useful to define operant behaviors as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   specific response.
B)   covert stimulus.
C)   class of responses.
D)   unconditioned stimulus.

Question 12

Goal-oriented is to automatic as _____ behavior is to _____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)   operant; elicited
B)   elicited; operant
C)   conditioned; unconditioned
D)   unconditioned; conditioned

Question 13

Properly speaking, when we praise a child for following instructions, we are attempting to reinforce

Accepted Answer

A)   the child.
B)   the instructions.
C)   the behavior of following instructions.
D)   Both b and c are correct.

Question 14

In one variant of the Skinner box, a pigeon earns food by

Accepted Answer

A)   flapping its wings.
B)   turning circles.
C)   pecking a response key.
D)   pressing a lever.

Question 15

Tangible rewards are likely to raise intrinsic interest when they are

Accepted Answer

A)   nonverbal.
B)   expected.
C)   given for high-quality performance.
D)   Both a and b are correct.

Question 16

Behaviors that are performed for their own sake are said to be _________ motivated; behaviors that are performed in order to achieve some additional incentive are said to be _________ motivated.

Accepted Answer

intrinsica...

Question 17

John smiles at his dog whenever it barks. As a result, the dog begins barking even more frequently. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   positive punishment.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   negative punishment.
D)   positive reinforcement.

Question 18

Define shaping. What are two advantages of using a secondary reinforcer, such as a sound, as an aid to shaping?

Accepted Answer

Shaping is a behavioral technique used i...

Question 19

The weakening of a behavior by the withdrawal of reinforcement is called

Accepted Answer

A)   extinction.
B)   inhibition.
C)   dishabituation.
D)   negative punishment.

Question 20

As I walk up to my favorite coffee shop, I see a sign that reads "Closed for Repairs." This means that I won't be able to walk into the shop in order to get a latte and a muffin. In operant conditioning terms, the "closed" sign is

Accepted Answer

A)   a discriminative stimulus for punishment.
B)   a punisher.
C)   a discriminative stimulus for extinction.
D)   an extinguisher.

Exam 6: Operant Conditioning Introduction

Behaviorists have found it useful to define operant behaviors as a(n)

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An electric shock is a reinforcer if it

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In one variant of the Skinner box, a pigeon earns food by

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An SD is a stimulus that

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Tangible rewards are likely to raise intrinsic interest when they are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A spanking is a punisher if it

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Which of the following conditions must be met for a response to be considered an operant?

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Operant behaviors are usually defined as a _____ because _____.

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Innate is to learned as a(n) _____ reinforcer is to a(n) _____ reinforcer.

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Goal-oriented is to automatic as _____ behavior is to _____ behavior.

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The weakening of a behavior by the withdrawal of reinforcement is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define shaping. What are two advantages of using a secondary reinforcer, such as a sound, as an aid to shaping?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIShaping is a behavioral technique used i...View AnswerShow Answer

Money and social attention are common examples of _____ reinforcers.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research has shown that rats that have been reinforced for emitting lever presses will subsequently

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behaviors that are performed for their own sake are said to be _________ motivated; behaviors that are performed in order to achieve some additional incentive are said to be _________ motivated.

Correct Answerverifiedintrinsica...View AnswerShow Answer

John smiles at his dog whenever it barks. As a result, the dog begins barking even more frequently. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under what three conditions does extrinsic reinforcement undermine intrinsic interest? Under what two conditions does extrinsic reinforcement enhance intrinsic interest?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIExtrinsic reinforcement undermines intri...View AnswerShow Answer

Define the terms reinforcer and punisher . How do these terms differ from the terms reinforcement and punishment ?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe terms reinforcer and punisher refer ...View AnswerShow Answer

As I walk up to my favorite coffee shop, I see a sign that reads "Closed for Repairs." This means that I won't be able to walk into the shop in order to get a latte and a muffin. In operant conditioning terms, the "closed" sign is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Properly speaking, when we praise a child for following instructions, we are attempting to reinforce

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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An S^D is a stimulus that

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Operant behaviors are usually defined as a _ because _.

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Innate is to learned as a(n) _ reinforcer is to a(n) _ reinforcer.

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Goal-oriented is to automatic as _ behavior is to _ behavior.

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Shaping is a behavioral technique used i...
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Behaviors that are performed for their own sake are said to be _ motivated; behaviors that are performed in order to achieve some additional incentive are said to be _ motivated.

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intrinsica...
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Extrinsic reinforcement undermines intri...
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The terms reinforcer and punisher refer ...
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