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At the bottom or base of the hierarchy of needs pyramid is


A) love and belonging.
B) esteem and self-esteem.
C) physiological needs.
D) safety and security.

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The "chameleon effect" is also known as


A) the reciprocity effect.
B) behavioral mimicry.
C) kinesic dialogue.
D) somatic feedback.

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Regarding obesity, which of the following statements is FALSE?


A) Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, having tripled in prevalence since 1980.
B) If internal needs alone controlled eating, fewer people would overeat.
C) In Westernized societies, obesity has become a major health risk and a source of social stigma and low self-esteem.
D) Currently, approximately 45 percent of adults in the United States are overweight with about one-fourth being considered obese.

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While studying in the library, Kayleigh became very hungry and went to a vending machine, which was empty, and to the cafeteria, which was closed. So she drove home and cooked herself a meal and ate it, satisfying her hunger. This food-seeking behavior was initiated by a bodily need with her search being sustained and directed to various food sources until her need was met. This illustrates


A) motivation.
B) behavioral dieting.
C) the opponent-process theory.
D) the Yerkes-Dodson law.

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Which of the following describes a pyramid model that orders needs, based on their presumed strength or potency?


A) Yerkes-Dodson law
B) need-response cycle
C) Cannon-Bard theory
D) hierarchy of human needs

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Regarding the need for achievement (nAch) , which of the following statements is\are TRUE?


A) The nAch is greatest for behaviors leading to financial and material success.
B) The nAch involves a desire to have social impact and control over others.
C) The nAch involves a desire to meet an internal standard of excellence.
D) The nAch is characterized by all of these.

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Nuan's parents describe her as the perfect daughter, considerate, obedient, and helpful. Recently, they have noticed that she has lost a considerable amount of weight, and is obsessed with dieting and relentless exercise. Although her parents have told her that she has lost enough weight, Nuan still feels like she needs to lose more weight. From these observations, it appears that Nuan is suffering from


A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia nervosa.
C) a serious taste aversion.
D) the behavioral dieting syndrome.

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The guilty knowledge test is used during


A) testing for emotional intelligence.
B) polygraph testing.
C) creativity testing.
D) mental health assessments with psychotic clients.

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"Sinking a golf putt" during the college golf tournament would require your arousal level to be


A) at a zero level.
B) higher than normal.
C) maintained at a moderate level.
D) lower than normal.

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A high achiever in art, music, or science often strives for


A) power and prestige.
B) excellence without concern for material rewards.
C) control over others.
D) all of these.

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Which of the following scientists performed an experiment that consisted of one of the scientists swallowing a balloon that was inflated so that the movements of the stomach could be recorded?


A) Dollard and Miller
B) Yerkes and Dodson
C) Cannon and Washburn
D) James and Lange

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An emotional stimulus, such as a large snarling dog, is appraised as a threat. Your appraisal gives rise to autonomic nervous system (ANS) arousal and cognitive labeling, adaptive behavior (running) , facial expressions of fear and postural tenseness, and emotional feelings. Arousal, attribution, expressions, and behavior add to these emotional feelings. Then, the emotional feelings influence appraisal, which further affects arousal, behavior, expressions, and feelings. This is a description of which theory?


A) activation-synthesis hypothesis
B) Yerkes-Dodson law
C) contemporary model of emotion
D) frustration-aggression hypothesis

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Jarrett is above average in weight and is obsessed with thoughts of weight, food, and eating. As a result, he often feels guilt, shame, self-contempt, and anxiety that can only be reduced through purging the food from his body. Jarrett's behavior fits that of a person who is


A) anorexic.
B) bulimic.
C) overweight.
D) morbidly obese.

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The chain of events that make up the model of motivation ends when which of the following is reached?


A) a drive
B) a goal
C) an incentive
D) a transductive level

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When you are running on the track team in the "50-Yard Dash," your arousal level should be


A) at a zero level.
B) higher than normal.
C) maintained at a moderate level.
D) lower than normal.

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Although she has grown up in an upper middle-class family and lived in small reasonably safe town, Patti has always felt that she was different from her siblings and from the other teenagers at school. Due to this feeling of "not fitting in," Patti joined a cult. Maslow would say that Patti joined the cult because she was trying to fulfill which basic need?


A) love and belonging need
B) security needs
C) self-esteem needs
D) self-actualization

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Nandini has been snacking on a large bag of salty pretzels. She will


A) experience an extracellular thirst.
B) experience an intracellular thirst.
C) need a slightly salty liquid to quench her thirst.
D) need a sugary drink to quench her thirst.

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Regarding Schachter's cognitive theory, we likely choose the appropriate label by deciding which source led to the arousal through a process called


A) attribution.
B) negation.
C) aversion.
D) homeostasis.

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Which of the following best describes the relationship of the parasympathetic to the sympathetic nervous system?


A) The parasympathetic system enhances the sympathetic response.
B) The parasympathetic system acts independently of the sympathetic system.
C) The parasympathetic system reverses the responses stimulated by the sympathetic system.
D) The parasympathetic system completely inhibits the sympathetic system.

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Roasted grasshoppers are highly nutritious; however, even if you are very hungry, you may still reject them as food because the grasshoppers are


A) high in incentive value.
B) high in motivation.
C) low in incentive value.
D) low in stimulus motives.

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