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In recent years federal programs such as Medicare and Medicaid have greatly reduced the financial burden on families faced with caring for elderly adults.

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The fact that workers sometimes serve on the board of directors of European companies helps explain why


A) European executives accept less responsibility for the successes and failures of the firms they lead.
B) European CEOs earn much less than American CEOs.
C) European firms are more likely to seek protection from foreign competition than American firms.
D) workers in Europe are less likely to believe unions are necessary than workers in the United States.

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Under an open shop agreement, workers have the option to join or not join a union, if one is present in the workplace.

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Unions were originally formed


A) to make certain that there were an equal number of nonmanagement and management-level employees within the company.
B) to uphold the state and federal laws under which businesses operate.
C) to seek protection against unfair treatment.
D) to seek worker corporate voting rights, the same as stockholders.

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Courts will issue an injunction against union tactics only if management can show a just cause to restrict the union tactic.

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Historically, the most potent union tactic when collective bargaining efforts break down has been the


A) strike.
B) lockout.
C) court injunction.
D) primary boycott.

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Despite a 1938 Supreme Court ruling allowing their use, ________ were seldom used by management during labor-management disputes until the 1980s.


A) injunctions
B) secondary boycotts
C) strikebreakers
D) yellow-dog contracts

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Ima, Boyd, and their fellow employees at Endrun work on an assembly line and do not have a specialized skill. If they are successful in their quest to set up a union, they would probably be represented by a(n) ________ union.


A) craft
B) industrial
C) freelance
D) traditional

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Which of the following topics is generally covered in a negotiated labor-management agreement?


A) corporate pricing policy
B) grievance procedures
C) management fringe benefits
D) management compensation

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As an employee of the human resource department of a major corporation, you are concerned about the potential costs of drug abuse. You are contemplating testing employees for substance abuse. Before adopting such tests, you should know that


A) this type of testing has been found to be illegal, but many firms do it anyway.
B) medical tests of this nature are not very accurate.
C) if you use these tests, your company will join over 60 percent of major companies that test workers and job applicants.
D) these tests are very expensive, and should only be given to those who may belong to groups judged to be at higher risk.

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In recent years, many unions have begun to


A) focus primarily on the issue of equitable pay.
B) assist management in redesigning work and recruiting and training workers from diverse backgrounds.
C) take a more confrontational approach when attempting to achieve important goals.
D) experience rapid but uneasy growth as more foreign-owned firms enter the U.S. economy, creating cultural problems for American workers.

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A comparison of compensation of CEOs in the U.S. with compensation of top executives in Europe shows that


A) U.S. CEOs are working for much lower compensation.
B) pay for CEOs at major corporations is about the same in all of these nations.
C) executives in the U.S. are compensated at a much higher rate.
D) U.S. executives are paid better than average when their firms are successful, but worse than average when their firms struggle.

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Arkansas has passed a right-to-work law, which means that union shops are illegal in the state.

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A court order directing someone to do something or to refrain from doing something is called a judicial citation.

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Management at Eagle Enterprises has assigned Ernesto to work at two different facilities, which will require him to commute an extra 25 miles on the days he must work at both plants. Ernesto believes that the negotiated labor-management agreement requires the company to reimburse him for the extra mileage he has to drive. Management disagrees. Ernesto has decided to file a charge that management is not abiding by the terms of the negotiated agreement. Ernesto's complaint is called a grievance.

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An assessment of elder care needs in the United States suggests that


A) most firms have done a better job in responding to the need for elder care than they have in dealing with the need for child care.
B) employees who must care for elderly parents are often in positions that are more critical to the firm's success than workers with concerns about child care.
C) although an increasing number of employees must find ways to care for elderly parents, fewer firms will need to offer elder care than child care because the federal government already provides a great deal of assistance to the elderly.
D) while an issue for some workers, at the present time elder care is not a high-profile item for most businesses.

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A cooling-off period is when workers in a critical industry return to their jobs while the union and management continue negotiations.

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In Germany, there are some firms whose employees participate in the company decisions by actually serving as members of the board of directors. The policy of permitting nonmanagement employees to participate in the decision-making processes of some European companies is called


A) co-habitating.
B) co-determination.
C) team management.
D) dual management.

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Which of the following is likely to remain a controversial labor-management issue in the future?


A) the ability of employers to use yellow-dog contracts
B) enforcement of the Taft-Hartley Act
C) sexual harassment
D) a resurgence of the Knights of Labor

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A bargaining zone is the time period during which a third party is used to reach agreement on union disputes.

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