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At a convenience store,Brian bought a bag of chips he had never tried before.Driving down the road,Brian opened the bag,took a bite,and realized he had purchased pork rinds by mistake.Being a vegetarian,Brian threw away the chips.Brian felt very little buyer's remorse and soon forgot about the experience.Why?

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Buyer's remorse or postpurchase cognitiv...

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Marketers believe that the decision-making process begins with a consumer's need recognition.Not everyone agrees.How would you answer critics who believe marketers can force people to buy things they don't want?

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Students may have passionate responses t...

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Setting high customer expectations is a good strategy that will help avoid customer dissatisfaction in the long run.

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Joanna lives according to her own rules,unconcerned about designer labels,brand names,and luxury items.Joanna is at which level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?


A) self-actualization
B) safety
C) love
D) esteem
E) physiological

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The greater the discrepancy between a consumer's needy state and the desired state,the greater


A) time needed to satisfy the need.
B) the effort consumers will invest in searching for alternatives.
C) the consumer's need recognition will be.
D) the size of the universal set will be.
E) the amount of external information search will be needed.

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The Wall Street Journal provides a set of guidelines each year for purchasing a laptop computer.The guidelines include recommendations for hard disk capacity,memory size,battery life,and several other attributes.The Wall Street Journal is providing consumers with


A) an evoked set.
B) psychological needs.
C) social concerns.
D) evaluative criteria.
E) biased information.

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__________ factors override or at least influence psychological and social issues.


A) Situational
B) Extended habitual
C) Postpurchase dissonance
D) Interpersonal
E) Economic

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Some websites allow consumers to shop while getting opinions from online friends.Which of the influences on the consumer buying process does this represent?


A) psychological
B) social
C) situational
D) motives
E) perception

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Situational factors sometimes override psychological and social factors in the consumer decision process.

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You are shopping for a new car.Using the steps in the consumer decision process,describe what you would do at each step during the purchasing experience.

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Answers will vary but must inc...

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An online retailer needs to be able to measure how well its website converts purchase intentions into actual purchases.This is known as the


A) conversion rate.
B) collection ratio.
C) consumer index.
D) customer total.
E) buyer quotient.

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The three components of an attitude are


A) cognitive, affective, and behavioral.
B) connected, applicable, and bearable.
C) confident, achievable, and believable.
D) consistent, affordable, and particular.
E) controlled, uncontrolled, and visible.

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Frazier is out of milk and bread and needs to decide what is for dinner.He will be stopping at the grocery store on the way home.Frazier will likely engage in limited problem solving.

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By producing motorcycles that do more than get riders to their destinations and back,Harley-Davidson is addressing consumers' __________ needs.


A) functional and social
B) postpurchase and prepurchase
C) safety and situational
D) psychological and physiological
E) functional and psychological

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Apple computer users tend to like the company and love its products.Apple has nurtured this __________ component of its customers' attitudes.


A) social
B) affective
C) psychological
D) cognitive
E) physiological

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Beverage firms sometimes hire attractive young people to sit at fashionable bars,sipping the company's latest product offering.The firms hope these "models" will serve as a(n) __________ and influence consumers.


A) reference group
B) risk avoider
C) cultural determinant
D) cognitive learning experiment
E) evoked set

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Christopher bought Timberland boots because he felt they were perfect for his outdoor activities.Patrick bought the same kind of boots because he felt they were stylish,especially with the logo clearly visible.The psychological factor driving Patrick's behavior is


A) a functional need.
B) lifestyle.
C) his universal set.
D) learned behavior.
E) his evoked set.

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André was afraid his new condominium would look shabby to his future in-laws,so he had it painted just before their visit.André was addressing his __________ risk.


A) social
B) financial
C) performance
D) psychological
E) physiological

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Once consumers have recognized a need,they begin to search for ways to satisfy that need.The internal search is characterized by


A) looking through the internal records of a firm, often found on the company website.
B) examining personal memories and knowledge.
C) using the Internet to find what other consumers feel about a specific product or service.
D) consulting close friends and families before expanding the search to a wider, external group.
E) being influenced by advertising.

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Many teenagers,both male and female,have clothes they purchased in the past that they "would not be caught dead in" today.When they occasionally see those clothes hanging in the back of their closet,these teenagers probably feel


A) cognitive bias.
B) postpurchase cognitive dissonance.
C) psychological risk.
D) need recognition.
E) physiological risk.

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