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A) T lymphocytes that respond to autoantigens in the thymus undergo clonal deletion.
B) T lymphocytes require a specific set of cytokine signals to become activated.
C) Regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune responses.
D) Clonal deletion of T cells and regulatory T cell suppression prevent autoreactive T cell activation.
E) Clonal deletion of T cells, lack of necessary cytokine signals, and regulatory T cell suppression prevent activation of autoreactive T cells.
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A) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes do not require antigen presentation to become activated.
B) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes interact with antibodies that have bound antigen to identify their target.
C) Helper T lymphocytes have no role in the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
D) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes kill by producing hydrogen peroxide.
E) A single cytotoxic T lymphocyte can kill many target cells.
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A) monocytes.
B) T lymphocytes.
C) B lymphocytes.
D) neutrophils.
E) macrophages.
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A) The cell releases interferon-gamma (INF-γ) .
B) The cell undergoes apoptosis.
C) The CTL produces oxidizing chemicals.
D) The CTL produces IL-12.
E) The cell produces MHC II with epitope attached.
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A) antigens that provoke allergic reactions.
B) antigens that must be processed to be recognized by the immune system
C) antigens attached to foreign invaders.
D) autoantigens involved in epitope recognition.
E) not really antigens, but rather antibodies produced to mask foreign antigens.
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A) alpha interferon
B) chemokines
C) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
D) IL-4 (interleukin-4)
E) IL-12
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A) growth factors
B) interferons
C) interleukins
D) tumor necrosis factors
E) chemokines
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A) NK lymphocytes and neutrophils.
B) B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.
C) macrophages and eosinophils.
D) macrophages and neutrophils.
E) neutrophils and dendritic cells.
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A) IgE.
B) IgG.
C) IgA.
D) IgM.
E) IgD.
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A) red blood cells do not produce MHC and, therefore, do not display the fact that they have been infected by presenting antigen.
B) the parasite damages leukocytes along with RBCs.
C) RBCs normally produce cytokines necessary for adaptive immune response, which this infection prevents.
D) complement cannot effectively destroy RBCs.
E) RBCs never enter lymphoid tissue.
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