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Fixed costs are those costs that do not change as the level of activity increases or decreases.However, fixed costs may be classified as discretionary or committed. Required: a.Explain the differences in these classifications and give an example of each. b.Discuss why managers should consider the impact of these costs in the decision-making process in times of falling profits.

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a.Discretionary fixed costs can be chang...

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All costs are either fixed or variable.That is, a cost cannot have a fixed and a variable component.

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The formula for a contribution format income statement is


A) Sales revenue - Step costs = Contribution margin - Fixed costs = Operating income.
B) Sales revenue - Cost of goods sold - Discretionary costs = Operating income.
C) Sales revenue - Discretionary costs = Gross profit - Committed costs = Operating income.
D) Sales revenue - Variable costs = Contribution margin - Fixed costs = Operating income.

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International Imports is a merchandising firm.Last year, the company reported sales of $674,500 and cost of goods sold of $404,700.The company's total variable selling and administrative expense was $60,705, and fixed selling and administrative expense was $53,960.The total fixed costs for the firm are


A) $458,660.
B) $404,700.
C) $60,705.
D) $53,960.

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Determine the fixed cost given the following information: Highest level of activity - 880 units at a total cost of $4,800 Lowest level of activity - 240 units at a total cost of $1,600


A) $229
B) $400
C) $2,600
D) $3,200

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Suppose Kathy Lentz Company sells hand tatted lace for $25 per yard.Her materials cost $4 per yard and labor costs her $10 per yard.She also estimates her fixed cost to be $50 per month.If she sells 2,000 yards of lace during the month, what is her contribution margin ratio?

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$25 - ($4 + $10) = $...

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Operating income = Sales revenue - Variable cost per unit - Total fixed costs.

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Gabbard and Fink CPA firm leases tax software from BGG Tax Software Company to prepare federal and state income tax returns.The lease agreement calls for a base charge of $5,000 per year plus $100 per year for each state for which returns are prepared.In addition, Gabbard and Fink are charged $2 ($1 for federal and $1 for state) for each tax return prepared.All of their clients have federal and state returns prepared, with 60 percent in Arkansas and 40 percent in Oklahoma. Required: a.What is the firm's total annual cost for the software if a total 2,500 returns are prepared? b.What is the firm's cost per unit at a level of 2,500 returns? c.What is the firm's cost per return if 2,000 are prepared? d.Besides software lease cost, list five other costs that Gabbard and Fink must consider when the company set the selling price to be charged to the clients.

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a.$5,000 + ($100 × 2) + ($2 × 2,500) = $10,200 b.$10,200 ÷ 2,500 = $4.08 c.$5,000 + ($100 × 2) + ($2 × 2,000) = $9,200 ÷ 2,000 = $4.60 d.Answers will vary.Possible answers include: Salary for Gabbard and Fink, equipment such as computer, telephone, supplies such as paper, toner, envelopes, employee salaries, postage, training for preparers, or rent on office space.

Vest Construction Company's cost of renting a crane for the last four months is as follows: Vest Construction Company's cost of renting a crane for the last four months is as follows:   Using the high-low method, what is the company's estimated variable and fixed components of operating expenses? Using the high-low method, what is the company's estimated variable and fixed components of operating expenses?

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($1,400 ̶ $1,200) ÷ (45 - 35) ...

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King Comics is a wholesaler of popular comic books.The company's records indicate the following financial results: King Comics is a wholesaler of popular comic books.The company's records indicate the following financial results:   Using the high-low method, what is the company's estimated variable and fixed components of operating expenses? Using the high-low method, what is the company's estimated variable and fixed components of operating expenses?

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($23,500 ̶ $20,000) ÷ (50,000 ...

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A 10 percent decrease in sales volume will result in a


A) 10 percent decrease in total variable cost.
B) 10 percent decrease in per unit variable cost.
C) 10 percent increase in total variable cost.
D) 10 percent increase in per unit variable cost.

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There is an important relation between contribution margin and profit.Which of the following statements is not true?


A) As the number of units sold increases, total contribution margin increases, but fixed costs remain the same.
B) As the number of units sold rises, profit increases by the additional contribution margin per unit.
C) As the number of units sold decreases, total contribution margin decreases, but fixed costs remain the same.
D) As the number of units sold falls, profit increases by the additional contribution margin per unit.

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In contrast to a variable cost,


A) the total amount of a fixed cost does not change with activity level.
B) the total amount of a fixed cost increases as activity increases.
C) the per unit amount of a fixed cost does not change with activity level.
D) the per unit amount of a fixed cost increases as activity increases.

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If the activity level decreases, what happens to the unit fixed cost?


A) It decreases.
B) It increases.
C) It remains the same.
D) It depends on how much the activity level increases.

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B

You are living on campus and are considering moving off campus.You have found a two-bedroom apartment for $1,200 per month, but you cannot afford that much rent.You are considering inviting up to three of your friends to become your roommates.The relationship between the number of roommates, the total cost, and the cost per person is: You are living on campus and are considering moving off campus.You have found a two-bedroom apartment for $1,200 per month, but you cannot afford that much rent.You are considering inviting up to three of your friends to become your roommates.The relationship between the number of roommates, the total cost, and the cost per person is:   This is an example of a A) fixed cost. B) variable cost. C) mixed cost. D) step cost. This is an example of a


A) fixed cost.
B) variable cost.
C) mixed cost.
D) step cost.

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A contribution format income statement classifies costs by


A) behavior.
B) function.
C) constraints.
D) product.

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With a variable cost, as the level of activity decreases, the total cost remains the same.

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Suppose your cell phone company offers a plan under which you can buy time in blocks of 100 minutes.Every 100-minute block costs $15.If you use 101 minutes you will pay $30.This is an example of a


A) variable cost
B) mixed cost.
C) fixed cost.
D) step cost.

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D

Assume a selling price of $20 per unit, variable cost per unit of $12, and total fixed cost of $500.If 200 units are sold, calculate the contribution margin ratio.

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blured image Contribution margin...

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You and two friends decide to rent an apartment off campus.You have found an apartment for $750 per month.You and your two friends will share the rent equally.This is an example of a


A) fixed cost.
B) variable cost.
C) mixed cost.
D) step cost.

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