Question 1

Mary Harris Jones

Accepted Answer

A)   was a leader of the United Mine Workers of America who expanded its membership by stressing the need to fight for families.
B)   founded to the Women's Christian Temperance Union to try and reduce drinking in the laboring class.
C)   lobbied for reform in how the mentally handicapped were treated.
D)   assassinated James Garfield in 1881.
E)   persuaded Andrew Carnegie that well paid workers would be the best workers.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about upward mobility in the late nineteenth century is the most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Andrew Carnegie's rise from poverty to colossal wealth was typical of the opportunities open to immigrants in America.
B)   Few industrial leaders came from the privileged classes because they were too soft to make it in the world of competitive capitalism.
C)   Skilled workers had few opportunities to rise to the top in small companies.
D)   Immigrants who got ahead in the late nineteenth century were more likely to go from rags to respectability than from rags to riches.
E)   Middle class Americans tended to slide downward more often than rise upward in socio-economic rank.

Question 3

Who led the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike?

Accepted Answer

A)   James Weaver
B)   James Blaine
C)   Eugene V. Debs
D)   Chester Arthur
E)   Terrence Powderly C

Question 4

How did southern cotton mills differ from northern cotton mills in the 1880s?

Accepted Answer

A)   Southern cotton mills hired mostly single women.
B)   Southern cotton mills were located in the countryside rather than cities.
C)   Southern mill workers were paid better than northern mill workers.
D)   Southern cotton mills used traditional handicraft methods rather than machinery to produce cloth.
E)   Southern cotton mills tended to be smaller, with safer working conditions.

Question 5

Which of the following was not one of the features that dominated the world of large-scale manufacturing after the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)   a new focus on energy conservation and finding alternatives to fossil fuels.
B)   the rapid spread of technological innovation.
C)   a demand for workers who could be carefully controlled.
D)   the constant pressure on firms to compete tooth-and-nail by cutting costs and prices, eliminating rivals, and creating monopolies.
E)   a relentless drop in prices.

Question 6

Which of the following issues did not impede the growth of unions in the late 19th century?

Accepted Answer

A)   Divisions between skilled craftsmen and common laborers
B)   Ethnic and religious diversity of the working class
C)   Limited financial resources
D)   Lack of interest on the part of workers because their real wages were rising and conditions were improving
E)   Divisions over tactics

Question 7

What did Henry George argue in Progress and Poverty?

Accepted Answer

A)   that industrialization was the key to progress and the end of poverty.
B)   that socialism was the answer to the end of poverty.
C)   that industrialization had led to a great deal of misery.
D)   that the government needed to fight poverty by limiting industrialization.
E)   that the government should tax the "unearned increment" of rising land prices and use the funds to ameliorate the misery caused by industrialization.

Question 8

The 1892 World's Columbian Exposition was

Accepted Answer

A)   a conference held in Colombia to promote industrial development in the Americas.
B)   a World's Fair held in Chicago, Illinois.
C)   a meeting held in the District of Columbia to expose industrial working conditions.
D)   the first international labor relations conference held at Columbia University in New York City.
E)   a meeting held in Chicago by the leaders of the major industrial unions, to find a method of cooperating in the struggle against big corporations.

Question 9

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission established?

Accepted Answer

A)   to investigate and oversee railroad activities.
B)   to control fluctuations in the international grain market.
C)   to encourage interstate cooperation in commercial ventures.
D)   to regulate the disruptive activities of industrial unions.
E)   to encourage Americans not to buy imported goods. A

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the American Federation of Labor was the most successful union of the late 19th century?

Accepted Answer

A)   It had a strong leader in Samuel Gompers.
B)   It limited its membership to skilled workers allowing the union more unity.
C)   It clearly defined its objectives.
D)   It was a tightly organized federation that required all members to give up their autonomy and independence for the good of the whole.
E)   It focused on practical tactics aimed at bread-and-butter issues.

Question 11

What was the result of the Haymarket Square bombing in 1886?

Accepted Answer

A)   It led to increased sympathy for workers and unions.
B)   It resulted in the election of several German-born anarchists to the Illinois state legislature.
C)   It led to the arrest of the police who fired on the crowd.
D)   It resulted in intensified animosity toward labor unions.
E)   It led to the passage of the Interstate Commerce Act.

Question 12

Who founded Standard Oil?

Accepted Answer

A)   Jay Gould
B)   Leland Stanford
C)   John D. Rockefeller
D)   J.P. Morgan
E)   Andrew Mellon

Question 13

In the late nineteenth century, child labor was

Accepted Answer

A)   common in the coal mines and cotton mills.
B)   uncommon because children were not strong enough to handle the large machines and fast pace of factory production.
C)   uncommon because children had to stay in school until age sixteen.
D)   uncommon because for the first time childhood was seen as a distinct stage of life reserved for innocence, play, education, and maternal love.
E)   common in the economically-depressed south, but uncommon in the prosperous north. A

Question 14

Which of the following did Thomas Edison invent?

Accepted Answer

A)   sewing machine
B)   refrigerated rail cars
C)   Phonograph
D)   Bessemer converter
E)   refrigerated railroad cars

Question 15

Why did women join the work force in growing numbers in the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)   The feminist movement encouraged farm girls and young immigrant women to work in order to become independent of their families.
B)   Changes in agriculture brought young farm women into the industrial labor force, and immigrant daughters worked to supplement meager family incomes.
C)   Industrialists thought women would have a civilizing influence on the brutal factory conditions.
D)   Trade unions won a series of court cases opening employment opportunities for women.
E)   The Civil War had created a shortage of male workers.

Question 16

Who argued that "The law of survival of the fittest was not made by man, and it cannot be abrogated by man. We can only, by interfering with it, produce the survival of the unfittest."?

Accepted Answer

A)   Lester Frank Ward
B)   William Graham Sumner
C)   Herbert Spencer
D)   Josiah Strong
E)   William Sylvis

Question 17

Where did Andrew Carnegie learn many of the successful management methods he used in the steel?

Accepted Answer

A)   as a bookkeeper in the textile industry in his native Scotland.
B)   as a secretary for the Singer Sewing Machine Company.
C)   as a foreman in the meatpacking industry in Chicago.
D)   as a bartender at an Edinburgh pub.
E)   as an employee of the Pennsylvania Railroad.

Question 18

How did industrialization affect skilled craftsmen?

Accepted Answer

A)   Subdividing the manufacture of a product into smaller jobs meant that an individual no longer manufactured an entire product.
B)   Skilled craftsmen were needed to operate machinery.
C)   The tension of assembly-line work caused formerly sober, disciplined craftsmen to drink on the job.
D)   Skilled craftsmen were transformed into "aristocrats" in the world of labor.
E)   Industrialization allowed skilled craftsman to flourish as many people came to realize the value of products produced by hand.

Question 19

Horatio Alger influenced American society by

Accepted Answer

A)   propagating the "rags to riches" idea.
B)   describing the perilous conditions in factories and lobbied Congress to regulate them.
C)   organizing workers into the National Labor Union.
D)   convincing many Americans that the Anglo-Saxon race was superior to all others.
E)   leading a movement to expand public education to include all children in the United States.

Question 20

In the United States v. Knight Company, the Supreme Court diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by ruling that

Accepted Answer

A)   manufacturing was not interstate commerce.
B)   the Granger Laws were unconstitutional because states could not regulate interstate commerce.
C)   all trusts and monopolies in interstate commerce were illegal and could be broken up by the federal government.
D)   employers could force employees to sign and abide by "yellow dog contracts."
E)   holding companies, which simply owned a controlling share of the stock of other firms, were not subject to antitrust laws.

Exam 18: The Rise of Industrial America, 1865-1900

Mary Harris Jones

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about upward mobility in the late nineteenth century is the most accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who led the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

How did southern cotton mills differ from northern cotton mills in the 1880s?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was not one of the features that dominated the world of large-scale manufacturing after the Civil War?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following issues did not impede the growth of unions in the late 19th century?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did Henry George argue in Progress and Poverty?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 1892 World's Columbian Exposition was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission established?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the American Federation of Labor was the most successful union of the late 19th century?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the result of the Haymarket Square bombing in 1886?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who founded Standard Oil?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the late nineteenth century, child labor was

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following did Thomas Edison invent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why did women join the work force in growing numbers in the late nineteenth century?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who argued that "The law of survival of the fittest was not made by man, and it cannot be abrogated by man. We can only, by interfering with it, produce the survival of the unfittest."?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where did Andrew Carnegie learn many of the successful management methods he used in the steel?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How did industrialization affect skilled craftsmen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Horatio Alger influenced American society by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the United States v. Knight Company, the Supreme Court diminished the effectiveness of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act by ruling that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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